Python一切皆對象

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一、含義

　　python中一切皆為對象，且python3中類與類型（常見資料類型如列表字典等）是一個概念，類型就是類。

二、執行個體　

#！/usr/bin/env python3#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-print(type([1,23,4])) #  <class ‘list‘>print(list)class School_student:    job = ‘student‘    def study(self):        print(‘studying hard‘)    def relax(self):        print(‘realxing happy‘)print(School_student) # <class ‘__main__.School_student‘># 由此可見，列表等資料類型也是類，是特徵和技能的結合li = [1,2,3] # 定義列表(執行個體化)li2 = []li2.append(0) # li.append()和li2.append()調用同樣的方法，但綁定的對象不同，是不同的Binder 方法li.append(4) # 添加元素 [1, 2, 3, 4]，append相當於list類的內建方法list.append(li,5) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] # 與li.append(4)作用相同print(li)

　　再比如：

#類型dict就是類dict>>> list<class ‘list‘>#執行個體化的到3個對象l1,l2,l3>>> l1=list()>>> l2=list()>>> l3=list()#三個對象都有Binder 方法append,是相同的功能,但記憶體位址不同>>> l1.append<built-in method append of list object at 0x10b482b48>>>> l2.append<built-in method append of list object at 0x10b482b88>>>> l3.append<built-in method append of list object at 0x10b482bc8>

#操作Binder 方法l1.append(3),就是在往l1添加3,絕對不會將3添加到l2或l3

>>> l1.append(3) # [3]

#調用類list.append(l3,111)等同於l3.append(111)>>> list.append(l3,111) #等同於l3.append(111) [111]

 

三、物件導向練習

　　1、編寫一個類，批量生產對象，並統計產生對象的次數

#！/usr/bin/env python3#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-class Students:    country = ‘China‘       # 資料屬性為共有的    school = ‘helloworld‘    count = 0    def __init__(self,name,age,sex,major): # 函數屬性，是給對象用的        self.name = name        self.age = age        self.sex = sex        self.major = major        Students.count += 1  # __init__方法每次被觸發就表示產生了一個對象，計數器則自加一次，更改其資料屬性    def study(self):        print(‘study everyday‘)    def relax(self):        print(‘relaxing‘)stu1 = Students(‘婷子‘,19,‘女‘,‘Comic‘)print(stu1.count) # 1stu2 = Students(‘星爺‘,36,‘男‘,‘Direct‘)print(stu2.count) # 2stu3 = Students(‘琉星‘,21,‘男‘,‘Detective‘)print(Students.count) # 3print(stu1.count) # 3print(Students.__dict__)print(stu1.__dict__) # {‘name‘: ‘婷子‘, ‘age‘: 19, ‘sex‘: ‘女‘, ‘major‘: ‘Comic‘}print(stu2.__dict__)

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　　2、 模仿LOL編寫兩個英雄類，英雄有暱稱、攻擊力、生命值等屬性；執行個體化出兩個英雄對象；

　　　　英雄之間要有打鬥，被打的一方會掉血，血量小於0判定死亡。　

#！/usr/bin/env python3#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-class Gaylen:    camp = ‘Desmarcia‘    def __init__(self,nickname,aggressivity,life_valid):        self.nickname = nickname        self.aggressivity = aggressivity        self.life_valid = life_valid    def attack(self,target):        target.life_valid -= self.aggressivity        if target.life_valid <= 0:            print(‘%s is died‘%target.nickname)class Hand_of_Knoxus:    camp = ‘Desmarcia‘    def __init__(self,nickname,aggressivity,life_valid):        self.nickname = nickname        self.aggressivity = aggressivity        self.life_valid = life_valid    def attack(self,target):        target.life_valid -= self.aggressivity        if target.life_valid <= 0:            print(‘%s is died‘%target.nickname)herol = Gaylen(‘大蓋倫‘,60,300)hero2 = Hand_of_Knoxus(‘諾手‘,70,280)herol.attack(hero2)hero2.attack(herol)hero2.attack(herol)hero2.attack(herol)hero2.attack(herol)hero2.attack(herol)print(herol.life_valid)print(hero2.life_valid)

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Python一切皆對象