Python-基礎知識-列表list和元組tuple

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列表List

建立列表：

>>> week = ["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wen","Thu","Fri","Sat"]
>>> week
[‘Sun‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Tue‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘Sat‘]

基本操作：

• 索引
• 切片
• 追加
• 刪除
• 長度
• 切片
• 迴圈
• 包含

一、索引

　　用索引來訪問list中每一個位置的元素，記得索引是從0開始，使用-1擷取list中最後一個元素：

>>> week[0]‘Sun‘>>> week[-1]‘Sat‘

 

二、切片

>>> print(week[0:3])    #切片[‘Sun‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Tue‘]>>> week[3:-1][‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘]>>> print(week[::2])    #帶位移切片[‘Sun‘, ‘Tue‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Sat‘]

 

三、追加

>>> week.append("One")>>> week[‘Sun‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Tue‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘Sat‘, ‘One‘]

 

四、插入

>>> week.insert(1,"Two")    #在指定位置插入元素>>> week[‘Sun‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Tue‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘Sat‘, ‘One‘]

 

五、修改

>>> week = ["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wen","Thu","Fri","Sat"]>>> week[‘Sun‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Tue‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘Sat‘]>>> week[1] = "Four"    #修改指定元素的值>>> week[‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Tue‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘Sat‘]

 

六、刪除

>>> week.remove("One")    #刪除list中指定值的元素>>> week[‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Tue‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘Sat‘]>>> del week[3]    #刪除list中指定位置元素[‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘Sat‘]>>> week.pop()    #刪除list中最後一個元素‘Sat‘>>> week[‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘]

 

七、擴充

>>> Num = ["One","Two","Three","Four","Five","Six","Seven"]>>> week.extend(Num)>>> week[‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘]

 

八、拷貝

>>> week2 = week.copy()    #深複製,id值不一樣>>> week[‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘]>>> week2[‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘]>>> id(week)2608861285192>>> id(week2)2608861285896>>> week2 = week    #淺複製，id值一樣>>> week[‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘]>>> week2[‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘]>>> id(week)2608861285192>>> id(week2)2608861285192#另一種複製方法>>> import copy>>> week2 = copy.deepcopy(week)>>> week[‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘]>>> week2[‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘]>>> id(week)2608861285192>>> id(week2)2608862744520>>> week2 = copy.copy(week)>>> week[‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘]>>> week2[‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘]>>> id(week)2608861285192>>> id(week2)2608861304840

 

九、排序和翻轉

>>> names[‘Alex‘, ‘Tenglan‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Tom‘, ‘Amy‘, 1, 2, 3]>>> names.sort() #排序Traceback (most recent call last):  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>TypeError: unorderable types: int() < str()   #3.0裡不同資料類型不能放在一起排序了，擦>>> names[-3] = ‘1‘>>> names[-2] = ‘2‘>>> names[-1] = ‘3‘>>> names[‘Alex‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Tenglan‘, ‘Tom‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘]>>> names.sort()>>> names[‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘Alex‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Tenglan‘, ‘Tom‘]>>> names.reverse() #反轉>>> names[‘Tom‘, ‘Tenglan‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Alex‘, ‘3‘, ‘2‘, ‘1‘]

 

十、統計

>>> names[‘Alex‘, ‘Tenglan‘, ‘Amy‘, ‘Tom‘, ‘Amy‘, 1, 2, 3]>>> names.count("Amy")2

 

十一、擷取下標

>>> week[‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘]>>> week.index("Mon")    #返回第一個找到的元素的下標2

 

元組Tuple

　　元組其實跟列表差不多，也是存一組數，只不是它一旦建立，便不能再修改，所以又叫唯讀列表。

　　建立元組，因為元組不能修改，它只有2個方法，一個是count，一個是index。

>>> week = (‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘)>>> week(‘Sun‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Mon‘, ‘Wen‘, ‘Thu‘, ‘Fri‘, ‘One‘, ‘Two‘, ‘Three‘, ‘Four‘, ‘Five‘, ‘Six‘, ‘Seven‘)>>> week.index("Mon")2>>> week.count(‘Mon‘)1

 

Python-基礎知識-列表list和元組tuple