Python內建函數(60)——classmethod,pythonclassmethod
英文文檔:
staticmethod(function)
Return a static method for function.
A static method does not receive an implicit first argument.
The @staticmethod form is a function decorator – see the description of function definitions in Function definitions for details.
It can be called either on the class (such as C.f()) or on an instance (such as C().f()). The instance is ignored except for its class.
說明:
1. 函數功能時將一個函數,變成類的一個靜態方法。
>>> class Student(object): def __init__(self,name): self.name = name def sayHello(lang): print(lang) if lang == 'en': print('Welcome!') else: print('你好!') staticmethod(sayHello) >>> Student.sayHello<function Student.sayHello at 0x02AC7810>>>> a = Student('Bob')>>> a.sayHello<bound method Student.sayHello of <__main__.Student object at 0x02AD03F0>>
2. 靜態方法即可以被類調用,也可以被類的執行個體對象調用。
>>> Student.sayHello('en') # 類調用的時候,將'en'傳給了lang參數enWelcome!>>> a.sayHello() # 類執行個體對象調用的時候,將對象本身傳給了lang參數<__main__.Student object at 0x02AD03F0>你好!
3. 將一個方法定義成類的靜態方法,正確的方法是使用 @staticmethod裝飾器,這樣在執行個體對象調用的時候,不會把執行個體對象本身傳入靜態方法的第一個參數了。
# 使用裝飾器定義靜態方法>>> class Student(object): def __init__(self,name): self.name = name @staticmethod def sayHello(lang): print(lang) if lang == 'en': print('Welcome!') else: print('你好!') >>> Student.sayHello('en') #類調用,'en'傳給了lang參數enWelcome!>>> b = Student('Kim') #類執行個體對象調用,不再將類執行個體對象傳入靜態方法>>> b.sayHello()Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#71>", line 1, in <module> b.sayHello()TypeError: sayHello() missing 1 required positional argument: 'lang'>>> b.sayHello('zh') #類執行個體對象調用,'zh'傳給了lang參數zh你好!