Python Django 生產環境部署

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在生產上部署Django

Django的部署可以有很多方式，採用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比較常見的一種方式。

 

uwsgi介紹

uWSGI是一個Web伺服器，它實現了WSGI協議、uwsgi、http等協議。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是與uWSGI伺服器進行交換。

要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 這三個概念的區分。

1. WSGI是一種Web伺服器網關介面。它是一個Web伺服器（如nginx，uWSGI等伺服器）與web應用（如用Flask架構寫的程式）通訊的一種規範。
2. uwsgi是一種線路協議而不是通訊協定，在此常用於在uWSGI伺服器與其他網路伺服器的資料通訊。
3. 而uWSGI是實現了uwsgi和WSGI兩種協議的Web伺服器。
4. uwsgi協議是一個uWSGI伺服器自有的協議，它用於定義傳輸資訊的類型（type of information），每一個uwsgi packet前4byte為傳輸資訊類型描述，它與WSGI相比是兩樣東西。

uwsgi效能非常高

 

uWSGI的主要特點如下

1. 超快的效能
2. 低記憶體佔用（實測為apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右）
3. 多app管理（終於不用冥思苦想下個app用哪個連接埠比較好了-.-）
4. 詳盡的日誌功能（可以用來分析app效能和瓶頸）
5. 高度可定製（記憶體大小限制，服務一定次數後重啟等）

總而言之uwgi是個部署用的好東東，正如uWSGI作者所吹噓的：

If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.

 

Uwsgi 安裝使用

1234	# Install the latest stable release:pip install uwsgi# ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release,pip install https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz

 

基本測試

Create a file called test.py:

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# test.pydef application(env, start_response):    start_response(‘200 OK‘, [(‘Content-Type‘,‘text/html‘)])    return [b"Hello World"] # python3    #return ["Hello World"] # python2

運行

1	uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

 

用uwsgi 啟動django

1	uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi

　　

可以把參數寫到設定檔裡

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[email protected]-ubuntu:~/uwsgi-test$ more crazye-uwsgi.ini   [uwsgi]http = :9000#the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginxsocket = 127.0.0.1:8001# the base directory (full path)chdir = /home/alex/CrazyEye # Django‘s wsgi filewsgi-file = CrazyEye/wsgi.py# maximum number of worker processesprocesses = 4#thread numbers startched in each worker processthreads = 2 #monitor uwsgi status stats = 127.0.0.1:9191# clear environment on exitvacuum          = true

啟動

1	/usr/local/bin/uwsgi crazye-uwsgi.ini

　　

Nginx安裝使用　　

12	sudo apt-get install nginxsudo /etc/init.d/nginx start    # start nginx

 

為你的項目產生Nginx設定檔

You will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params

Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.

Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:

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# mysite_nginx.conf # the upstream component nginx needs to connect toupstream django {    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket    server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we‘ll use this first)} # configuration of the serverserver {    # the port your site will be served on    listen      8000;    # the domain name it will serve for    server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine‘s IP address or FQDN    charset     utf-8;     # max upload size    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste     # Django media    location /media  {        alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project‘s media files - amend as required    }     location /static {        alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project‘s static files - amend as required    }     # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.    location / {        uwsgi_pass  django;        include     /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed    }}

This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django’s intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.

Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:

1	sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

Deploying static files

Before running nginx, you have to collect all Django static files in the static folder. First of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:

1	STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")

and then run

1	python manage.py collectstatic

　　

此時啟動Nginx 和Uwsgi，你的django項目就可以實現高並發啦

 

 

https://www.cnblogs.com/chenice/p/6921727.html

54025761

 

部署到雲

https://www.jianshu.com/p/55c3fc8ea9b0

使用 Nginx 和 Gunicorn 部署 Django 部落格

https://www.zmrenwu.com/post/20/

 

Python Django 生產環境部署