標籤:
需求情境:
有一業務資料庫,使用MySQL 5.5版本,每天會寫入大量資料,需要不定期將多表中“指定時期前“的資料進行刪除,在SQL SERVER中很容易實現,寫幾個WHILE迴圈就搞定,雖然MySQL中也存在類似功能,怎奈自己不精通,於是採用Python來實現
話不多少,上指令碼:
# coding: utf-8import MySQLdbimport time# delete configDELETE_DATETIME = ‘2016-08-31 23:59:59‘DELETE_ROWS = 10000EXEC_DETAIL_FILE = ‘exec_detail.txt‘SLEEP_SECOND_PER_BATCH = 0.5DATETIME_FORMAT = ‘%Y-%m-%d %X‘# MySQL Connection ConfigDefault_MySQL_Host = ‘localhost‘Default_MySQL_Port = 3358Default_MySQL_User = "root"Default_MySQL_Password = ‘[email protected]‘Default_MySQL_Charset = "utf8"Default_MySQL_Connect_TimeOut = 120Default_Database_Name = ‘testdb001‘def get_time_string(dt_time): """ 擷取指定格式的時間字串 :param dt_time: 要轉換成字串的時間 :return: 返回指定格式的字串 """ global DATETIME_FORMAT return time.strftime(DATETIME_FORMAT, dt_time)def print_info(message): """ 將message輸出到控制台,並將message寫入到記錄檔 :param message: 要輸出的字串 :return: 無返回 """ print(message) global EXEC_DETAIL_FILE new_message = get_time_string(time.localtime()) + chr(13) + str(message) write_file(EXEC_DETAIL_FILE, new_message)def write_file(file_path, message): """ 將傳入的message追加寫入到file_path指定的檔案中 請先建立檔案所在的目錄 :param file_path: 要寫入的檔案路徑 :param message: 要寫入的資訊 :return: """ file_handle = open(file_path, ‘a‘) file_handle.writelines(message) # 追加一個換行以方便瀏覽 file_handle.writelines(chr(13)) file_handle.close()def get_mysql_connection(): """ 根據預設配置返回資料庫連接 :return: 資料庫連接 """ conn = MySQLdb.connect( host=Default_MySQL_Host, port=Default_MySQL_Port, user=Default_MySQL_User, passwd=Default_MySQL_Password, connect_timeout=Default_MySQL_Connect_TimeOut, charset=Default_MySQL_Charset, db=Default_Database_Name ) return conndef mysql_exec(sql_script, sql_param=None): """ 執行傳入的指令碼,返回影響行數 :param sql_script: :param sql_param: :return: 指令碼最後一條語句執行影響行數 """ try: conn = get_mysql_connection() print_info("在伺服器{0}上執行指令碼:{1}".format( conn.get_host_info(), sql_script)) cursor = conn.cursor() if sql_param is not None: cursor.execute(sql_script, sql_param) row_count = cursor.rowcount else: cursor.execute(sql_script) row_count = cursor.rowcount conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() except Exception, e: print_info("execute exception:" + str(e)) row_count = 0 return row_countdef mysql_query(sql_script, sql_param=None): """ 執行傳入的SQL指令碼,並返回查詢結果 :param sql_script: :param sql_param: :return: 返回SQL查詢結果 """ try: conn = get_mysql_connection() print_info("在伺服器{0}上執行指令碼:{1}".format( conn.get_host_info(), sql_script)) cursor = conn.cursor() if sql_param != ‘‘: cursor.execute(sql_script, sql_param) else: cursor.execute(sql_script) exec_result = cursor.fetchall() cursor.close() conn.close() return exec_result except Exception, e: print_info("execute exception:" + str(e))def get_id_range(table_name): """ 按照傳入的表擷取要刪除資料最大ID、最小ID、刪除總行數 :param table_name: 要刪除的表 :return: 返回要刪除資料最大ID、最小ID、刪除總行數 """ global DELETE_DATETIME sql_script = """SELECTMAX(ID) AS MAX_ID,MIN(ID) AS MIN_ID,COUNT(1) AS Total_CountFROM {0}WHERE create_time <=‘{1}‘;""".format(table_name, DELETE_DATETIME) query_result = mysql_query(sql_script=sql_script, sql_param=None) max_id, min_id, total_count = query_result[0] # 此處有一坑,可能出現total_count不為0 但是max_id 和min_id 為None的情況 # 因此判斷max_id和min_id 是否為NULL if (max_id is None) or (min_id is None): max_id, min_id, total_count = 0, 0, 0 return max_id, min_id, total_countdef delete_data(table_name): max_id, min_id, total_count = get_id_range(table_name) temp_id = min_id while temp_id <= max_id: sql_script = """DELETE FROM {0}WHERE id <= {1}and id >= {2}AND create_time <=‘{3}‘; """.format(table_name, temp_id + DELETE_ROWS, temp_id, DELETE_DATETIME) temp_id += DELETE_ROWS print(sql_script) row_count = mysql_exec(sql_script) print_info("影響行數:{0}".format(row_count)) current_percent = (temp_id - min_id) * 1.0 / (max_id - min_id) print_info("當前進度{0}/{1},剩餘{2},進度為{3}%".format(temp_id, max_id, max_id - temp_id, "%.2f" % current_percent)) time.sleep(SLEEP_SECOND_PER_BATCH) print_info("當前表{0}已無需要刪除的資料".format(table_name))delete_data(‘TB001‘)delete_data(‘TB002‘)delete_data(‘TB003‘)
執行效果:
實現原理:
由於表存在自增ID,於是給我們增量迴圈刪除的機會,尋找出滿足刪除條件的最大值ID和最小值ID,然後按ID 依次遞增,每次小範圍內(如10000條)進行刪除。
實現優點:
實現“小斧子砍大柴”的效果,事務小,對線上影響較小,列印出當前處理到的“ID”,可以隨時關閉,稍微修改下代碼便可以從該ID開始,方便。
實現不足:
為防止主從延遲太高,採用每次刪除SLEEP1秒的方式,相對比較糙,最好的方式應該是周期掃描這條複製鏈路,根據延遲調整SLEEP的周期,反正都指令碼化,再智能化點又何妨!
本文重點依舊是妹子,不能讓諸位看官白跑一趟,是不!!!
Python--增量迴圈刪除MySQL表資料