python安裝更新和pip安裝使用阿里源及yum問題解決__python

centos 7 python版本更新

原版本2.7.5 更新版本2.7.13
註：由於linux內建的python，系統對其有一定的依賴，因此建議保留原來的版本；常常出現的是yum功能問題；另 centos 7版本可以使用yum安裝的方式進行pip安裝，比手動安裝更快捷方便

1.安裝依賴包

yum -y install gccyum install -y zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel

2.包下載：
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.13/Python-2.7.13.tgz

3.解壓：

tar -zxvf Python-2.7.13.tgz

4.建立安裝目錄：

mkdir /usr/local/python2.7.13

5.切換目錄：

cd Python-2.7.13

6.編譯

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7.13

結果：

donechecking for ensurepip... noconfigure: creating ./config.statusconfig.status: creating Makefile.preconfig.status: creating Modules/Setup.configconfig.status: creating Misc/python.pcconfig.status: creating Modules/ld_so_aixconfig.status: creating pyconfig.hcreating Modules/Setupcreating Modules/Setup.localcreating MakefileIf you want a release build with all optimizations active (LTO, PGO, etc),please run ./configure --enable-optimizations

please run ./configure –enable-optimizations （這一句可不執行）

7.安裝：

make && make install

結果：

rm -f /usr/local/python2.7.13/share/man/man1/python.1(cd /usr/local/python2.7.13/share/man/man1; ln -s python2.1 python.1)if test "xno" != "xno"  ; then \        case no in \                upgrade) ensurepip="--upgrade" ;; \                install|*) ensurepip="" ;; \        esac; \         ./python -E -m ensurepip \                $ensurepip --root=/ ; \fi

8.查看原來版本,記錄原版本號碼

# python  --versionPython 2.7.5

9.更新版本：

[root@mongodb ~]# which python/usr/bin/python[root@mongodb ~]# ll /usr/bin/pythonlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 May  8 12:09 /usr/bin/python -> python2

重新命名python為舊版本號碼，並建立新版本的串連

mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7.5ln -s /usr/local/python2.7.13/bin/python2 /usr/bin/python

10.驗證：

# python -VPython 2.7.13

安裝完成後，安裝pip：

使用yum進行安裝

yum install python-pip

若出現
No package python-pip available.

則解決方案如下：

yum -y install epel-releaseyum install python-pip

安裝完成後清理

yum clean all

12.pip驗證

# pip -Vpip 8.1.2 from /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)

13.為提高pip的安裝速度，使用國內的pip源，這裡更新pip源為阿里源：

mkdir ~/.pip/

vi ~/.pip/pip.conf

寫入：

[global]index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/[install]trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

14.安裝flask驗證：

# pip install flaskCollecting flask  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/77/32/e3597cb19ffffe724ad4bf0beca4153419918e7fa4ba6a34b04ee4da3371/Flask-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (83kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 660kB/s Collecting click>=2.0 (from flask)  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/34/c1/8806f99713ddb993c5366c362b2f908f18269f8d792aff1abfd700775a77/click-6.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (71kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 1.0MB/s Collecting Jinja2>=2.4 (from flask)  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/5e/73/10c45b82a88ed6b7751bd40da31eeefd7b362e07b56a99aa6e56655a0794/Jinja2-2.9.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (340kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 348kB 829kB/s Collecting Werkzeug>=0.7 (from flask)  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/97/02/306e0d57fdbf467ec1c763bc1757ec6ba20b1332e0ea7e49111533d71d1c/Werkzeug-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (312kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 317kB 2.8MB/s Collecting itsdangerous>=0.21 (from flask)  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/dc/b4/a60bcdba945c00f6d608d8975131ab3f25b22f2bcfe1dab221165194b2d4/itsdangerous-0.24.tar.gz (46kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 23.1MB/s Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23 (from Jinja2>=2.4->flask)  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/4d/de/32d741db316d8fdb7680822dd37001ef7a448255de9699ab4bfcbdf4172b/MarkupSafe-1.0.tar.gzInstalling collected packages: click, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, Werkzeug, itsdangerous, flask  Running setup.py install for MarkupSafe ... done  Running setup.py install for itsdangerous ... doneSuccessfully installed Jinja2-2.9.6 MarkupSafe-1.0 Werkzeug-0.12.2 click-6.7 flask-0.12.2 itsdangerous-0.24You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 9.0.1 is available.You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

最後
You should consider upgrading via the ‘pip install –upgrade pip’ command.
可以使用pip install –upgrade pip升級pip，也可以不用升級,這裡忽略 python版本更新後，yum出現問題

報錯：
ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber
解決辦法：

[root@mongodb man1]# yum listLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksbase                                                                                                                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     epel/x86_64/metalink                                                                                                                                                         | 6.3 kB  00:00:00     epel                                                                                                                                                                         | 4.3 kB  00:00:00     extras                                                                                                                                                                       | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     mongodb-org                                                                                                                                                                  | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     updates                                                                                                                                                                      | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     Traceback (most recent call last):  File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>    from urlgrabber.grabber import \ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabberTraceback (most recent call last):  File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>    from urlgrabber.grabber import \ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabberTraceback (most recent call last):  File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>    from urlgrabber.grabber import \ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabberExiting on user cancel

A. 修改/usr/bin/yum python的路徑：

#vi /usr/bin/yum將檔案頭部的#!/usr/bin/python改成#!/usr/bin/python2.7.5

在使用yum 安裝的時候同樣會遇到
ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber

yum install gccLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.comTraceback (most recent call last):  File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>    from urlgrabber.grabber import \ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabberTraceback (most recent call last):  File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>    from urlgrabber.grabber import \ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabberTraceback (most recent call last):  File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>    from urlgrabber.grabber import \ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabberTraceback (most recent call last):  File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>    from urlgrabber.grabber import \ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabberTraceback (most recent call last):  File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>    from urlgrabber.grabber import \ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabberExiting on user cancel

B. /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down 也需要修改：

vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down將檔案頭部的#!/usr/bin/python改成#!/usr/bin/python2.7.5

至此，安裝完成