python多線程編程(8):線程的合并和後台線程

文章目錄

• 線程的合并
• 後台線程
• 小結

線程的合并

python的Thread類中還提供了join()方法，使得一個線程可以等待另一個線程執行結束後再繼續運行。這個方法還可以設定一個timeout參數，避免無休止的等待。因為兩個線程順序完成，看起來象一個線程，所以稱為線程的合并。一個例子：

import threading
import random
import time

class MyThread(threading.Thread):

def run(self):
        wait_time=random.randrange(1,10)
print "%s will wait %d seconds" % (self.name, wait_time)
        time.sleep(wait_time)
print "%s finished!" % self.name

if __name__=="__main__":
    threads = []
for i in range(5):
        t = MyThread()
        t.start()
        threads.append(t)
print 'main thread is waitting for exit...'        
for t in threads:
        t.join(1)

print 'main thread finished!'

執行結果：

Thread-1 will wait 3 seconds
Thread-2 will wait 4 seconds
Thread-3 will wait 1 seconds
Thread-4 will wait 5 seconds
Thread-5 will wait 3 seconds
main thread is waitting for exit...
Thread-3 finished!
Thread-1 finished!
Thread-5 finished!
main thread finished!
Thread-2 finished!
Thread-4 finished!

對於sleep時間過長的線程（這裡是2和4），將不被等待。

後台線程

預設情況下，主線程在退出時會等待所有子線程的結束。如果希望主線程不等待子線程，而是在退出時自動結束所有的子線程，就需要設定子線程為後台線程(daemon)。方法是通過調用線程類的setDaemon()方法。如下：

import threading
import random
import time

class MyThread(threading.Thread):

def run(self):
        wait_time=random.randrange(1,10)
print "%s will wait %d seconds" % (self.name, wait_time)
        time.sleep(wait_time)
print "%s finished!" % self.name

if __name__=="__main__":
print 'main thread is waitting for exit...'        

for i in range(5):
        t = MyThread()
        t.setDaemon(True)
        t.start()

print 'main thread finished!'

執行結果：

main thread is waitting for exit...
Thread-1 will wait 3 seconds
Thread-2 will wait 3 seconds
Thread-3 will wait 4 seconds
 Thread-4 will wait 7 seconds
 Thread-5 will wait 7 seconds
main thread finished!

可以看出，主線程沒有等待子線程的執行，而直接退出。

小結

join()方法使得線程可以等待另一個線程的運行，而setDaemon()方法使得線程在結束時不等待子線程。join和setDaemon都可以改變線程之間的運行順序。