Python PycURL 網路編程執行個體
在使用urllib的時候經常會死掉,以前debug過,是沒有設定 timing out 所以逾時後就會死掉。
PycURL是curl的python庫,雖然有些curl的功能沒有實現,但是還是很強勁的。
curl是非常強勁的一個工具,
google內部用它來 debug GDATA API. Using cURL to interact with Google data services
可以去 http://pycurl.sourceforge.net/ 下載最新的PycURL。
簡單的PycURL例子
import pycurlimport StringIO url = "http://www.google.com/"crl = pycurl.Curl()crl.setopt(pycurl.VERBOSE,1)crl.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, 1)crl.setopt(pycurl.MAXREDIRS, 5)crl.fp = StringIO.StringIO()crl.setopt(pycurl.URL, url)crl.setopt(crl.WRITEFUNCTION, crl.fp.write)crl.perform()print crl.fp.getvalue()
PycURL 自動處理cookie
import pycurlimport StringIO url = "http://www.google.com/"crl = pycurl.Curl()crl.setopt(pycurl.VERBOSE,1)crl.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, 1)crl.setopt(pycurl.MAXREDIRS, 5)crl.fp = StringIO.StringIO()crl.setopt(pycurl.URL, url)crl.setopt(crl.WRITEFUNCTION, crl.fp.write) # Option -b/--cookie Cookie string or file to read cookies from# Note: must be a string, not a file object.crl.setopt(pycurl.COOKIEFILE, "cookie_file_name") # Option -c/--cookie-jar Write cookies to this file after operation# Note: must be a string, not a file object.crl.setopt(pycurl.COOKIEJAR, "cookie_file_name") crl.perform()print crl.fp.getvalue()
PycURL 實現POST方法
import pycurlimport StringIOimport urllib url = "http://www.google.com/"post_data_dic = {"name":"value"}crl = pycurl.Curl()crl.setopt(pycurl.VERBOSE,1)crl.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, 1)crl.setopt(pycurl.MAXREDIRS, 5)#crl.setopt(pycurl.AUTOREFERER,1) crl.setopt(pycurl.CONNECTTIMEOUT, 60)crl.setopt(pycurl.TIMEOUT, 300)#crl.setopt(pycurl.PROXY,proxy)crl.setopt(pycurl.HTTPPROXYTUNNEL,1)#crl.setopt(pycurl.NOSIGNAL, 1)crl.fp = StringIO.StringIO()crl.setopt(pycurl.USERAGENT, "dhgu hoho") # Option -d/--data HTTP POST datacrl.setopt(crl.POSTFIELDS, urllib.urlencode(post_data_dic)) crl.setopt(pycurl.URL, url)crl.setopt(crl.WRITEFUNCTION, crl.fp.write)crl.perform() print crl.fp.getvalue()
urllib 逾時設定
import socketsocket.setdefaulttimeout(5.0)
Python中Cookie的處理:自動處理Cookie,儲存為Cookie檔案,從檔案載入Cookie
Python中的Cookie相關的庫
Python中有內建的模組:cookielib
可以處理cookie相關的很多事情。
包括
自動處理cookie:cookie資料是儲存在記憶體中
自動處理cookie:支援Cookie資料存放到檔案中
其中有兩種格式:
LWP
Mozilla
進一步,再支援:
將cookie存到檔案裡面
從檔案中載入cookie
更多詳細格式和解釋,請直接看下面的代碼。
Python中自動處理Cookie,將Cookie儲存到檔案,從檔案中讀取Cookie
Python代碼:
#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Version: 2013-01-15Author: CrifanContact: admin (at) crifan.com""" import os;import cookielib;import urllib2; def pythonAutoHandleCookie(): """ Demo how to auto handle cookie in Python cookies in memory cookies in file: save cookie to file LWP format Mozilla format load cookie from file """ print "1. Demo how to auto handle cookie (in memory)"; cookieJarInMemory = cookielib.CookieJar(); opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookieJarInMemory)); urllib2.install_opener(opener); print "after init, cookieJarInMemory=",cookieJarInMemory; #after init, cookieJarInMemory= #!!! following urllib2 will auto handle cookies demoUrl = "http://www.google.com/"; response = urllib2.urlopen(demoUrl); #here, we already got response cookies print "after urllib2.urlopen, cookieJarInMemory=",cookieJarInMemory; #after urllib2.urlopen, cookieJarInMemory= <cookielib.CookieJar[, , ]> print "2. Demo how to auto handle cookie in file, LWP format"; cookieFilenameLWP = "localCookiesLWP.txt"; cookieJarFileLWP = cookielib.LWPCookieJar(cookieFilenameLWP); #will create (and save to) new cookie file cookieJarFileLWP.save(); opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookieJarFileLWP)); urllib2.install_opener(opener); #!!! following urllib2 will auto handle cookies demoUrl = "http://www.google.com/"; response = urllib2.urlopen(demoUrl); #update cookies, save cookies into file cookieJarFileLWP.save(); #for demo, print cookies in file print "LWP cookies:"; print open(cookieFilenameLWP).read(os.path.getsize(cookieFilenameLWP)); # #LWP-Cookies-2.0 # Set-Cookie3: PREF="ID=34c1415b570a93ae:FF=0:NW=1:TM=1358236121:LM=1358236121:S=gEVVojW4x37ht5n-"; path="/"; domain=".google.com"; path_spec; domain_dot; expires="2015-01-15 07:48:41Z"; version=0 # Set-Cookie3: NID="67=JI_uEwUm5GDrQ_vCwAp2z_YGU7MdLm5CLMa4CNLF7RQuTDMzrrk1EjRddGcnpoFbht81LaV9spxZQQInf0mPS6lDrvcRqBBL5NOTmy8SwOzA6HWC3iTIo4-o3fO1Udkv"; path="/"; domain=".google.com.hk"; path_spec; domain_dot; expires="2013-07-17 07:48:41Z"; HttpOnly=None; version=0 # Set-Cookie3: PREF="ID=8f7e4efca89bdb1b:U=f85a4afa4db021aa:FF=2:LD=zh-CN:NW=1:TM=1358236121:LM=1358236121:S=2WR59hDWutdnUJtF"; path="/"; domain=".google.com.hk"; path_spec; domain_dot; expires="2015-01-15 07:48:41Z"; version=0 print "3. Demo how to auto handle cookie in file, Mozilla Format"; cookieFilenameMozilla = "localCookiesMozilla.txt"; cookieJarFileMozilla = cookielib.MozillaCookieJar(cookieFilenameMozilla); #will create (and save to) new cookie file cookieJarFileMozilla.save(); opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookieJarFileMozilla)); urllib2.install_opener(opener); #!!! following urllib2 will auto handle cookies demoUrl = "http://www.google.com/"; response = urllib2.urlopen(demoUrl); #update cookies, save cookies into file cookieJarFileMozilla.save(); #for demo, print cookies in file print "Mozilla cookies:"; print open(cookieFilenameMozilla).read(os.path.getsize(cookieFilenameMozilla)); # # Netscape HTTP Cookie File # # http://www.netscape.com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html # # This is a generated file! Do not edit. # .google.com TRUE / FALSE 1421308121 PREF ID=0e05040dd979207c:FF=0:NW=1:TM=1358236121:LM=1358236121:S=jcFid2XgXMIhPUPl # .google.com.hk TRUE / FALSE 1374047321 NID 67=klMI_Z5ZPWDjUYrWSUHIE_kYI77_ziJaL0kWRoUGThagME86LKY7H-MNa2wAMI_GklIwYcD8t82qPinxzLd4GLDbmWT0OVLCXhRj0wQDC57dTNAsTs4lhVR7Yjvj2tfn # .google.com.hk TRUE / FALSE 1421308121 PREF ID=028f8b736db06a9a:U=6ba6d080847c8de6:FF=2:LD=zh-CN:NW=1:TM=1358236121:LM=1358236121:S=_1BcC5v3G0ZojVz8 print "4. read cookies from file"; parseAndSavedCookieFile = "parsedAndSavedCookies.txt" parsedCookieJarFile = cookielib.MozillaCookieJar(parseAndSavedCookieFile); #parsedCookieJarFile = cookielib.MozillaCookieJar(cookieFilenameMozilla); print parsedCookieJarFile; # parsedCookieJarFile.load(cookieFilenameMozilla);
print parsedCookieJarFile; #<_MozillaCookieJar.MozillaCookieJar[,,]>
if __name__=="__main__":
pythonAutoHandleCookie();
總結
Python中的cookie的自動處理,比C#好多了。
至少有已有的庫可供使用。雖然用法上,需要稍微多多瞭解後,才知道如何使用的。