python 三維座標圖

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1. 繪製3D柱狀圖，其資料格式為，二維數組或三維數組。

   from numpy import *

   file=open(‘C:\\Users\\jyjh\\Desktop\\count.txt‘,‘r‘)

   arr=[]

   for i in file.readlines():

       temp=[]

       for j in i.strip().split(‘\t‘):

           temp.append(float(j))

       arr.append(temp)

   import random

   import numpy as np

   import matplotlib as mpl

   import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

   from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d  import Axes3D

   mpl.rcParams[‘font.size‘]=10

   fig=plt.figure()

   ax=fig.add_subplot(111,projection=‘3d‘)

   xs=range(len(arr))

   ys=range(len(arr[0]))

   for z in range(len(arr)):

       xs=range(len(arr))

       ys=arr[z]

       color=plt.cm.Set2(random.choice(range(plt.cm.Set2.N)))

       ax.bar(xs,ys,zs=z,zdir=‘y‘,color=color,alpha=0.5)

       ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(mpl.ticker.FixedLocator(xs))

       ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(mpl.ticker.FixedLocator(ys))

   ax.set_xlabel(‘x‘)

   ax.set_ylabel(‘y‘)

   ax.set_zlabel(‘copies‘)

   plt.show()

   通過設定xs，ys，z可以設定繪製不同維度資料。

2. 繪製熱圖：

   import numpy as np

   from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

   from matplotlib import cm 

   from matplotlib import axes

   def draw_heatmap(data,xlabels,ylabels):

       #cmap = cm.get_cmap(‘rainbow‘,1000)

       cmap=cm.gray

       figure=plt.figure(facecolor=‘w‘)

       ax=figure.add_subplot(2,1,1,position=[1,1,1,1])

       ax.set_yticks(range(len(ylabels)))

       ax.set_yticklabels(ylabels)

       ax.set_xticks(range(len(xlabels)))

       ax.set_xticklabels(xlabels)

       vmax=data[0][0]

       vmin=data[0][0]

       for i in data:

           for j in i:

               if j>vmax:

                   vmax=j

               if j<vmin:

                   vmin=j

       map=ax.imshow(data,interpolation=‘nearest‘,cmap=cmap,aspect=‘auto‘,vmin=vmin,vmax=vmax)

       cb=plt.colorbar(mappable=map,cax=None,ax=None,shrink=0.8)

       plt.show()

   xl=range(16)

   yl=range(16)

   draw_heatmap(arr,xl,yl)

3. 繪製曲面圖

   from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

   import numpy as np

   from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

   figure = plt.figure()

   ax = Axes3D(figure)

   X = np.arange(-10, 10, 0.25)

   Y = np.arange(-10, 10, 0.25)

   #網格化資料

   X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)

   R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)

   Z = np.cos(R)

   ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=‘rainbow‘)

   plt.show()

4. 繪製曲線圖

   from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

   import numpy as np

   import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

   #產生畫布

   figure=plt.figure()

   ax=figure.add_subplot(111,projection=‘3d‘)

   #產生向量

   z=np.linspace(0,6,1000)

   r=1

   x=r*np.sin(np.pi*2*z)

   y=r*np.cos(np.pi*2*z)

   ax.plot(x,y,z)

   plt.show()

python 三維座標圖