Python單元測試unittest

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2018年8月9日發布，後續補上注釋等文字說明————————————首先需要測試代碼 name_function.py是一個簡單的函數，擷取前後兩個名字，然後組合起來

def get_formatted_name(first,last,middle=‘‘):    if middle:        full_name = first + ‘ ‘ + middle + ‘ ‘ + last    else:        full_name = first + ‘ ‘ + last    return full_name.title()

 

names.py讓使用者輸入名字，並輸出

from name_function import get_formatted_name print("enter") while True:    firstname = input("enter first: ")    if firstname == ‘q‘:        print("exit")        break     lastname = input("enter second: ")    if lastname == ‘q‘:        print("exit")        break     fullname = get_formatted_name(firstname,lastname)    print(‘full name: ‘,fullname)

運行結果

1 enter2 enter first: zhang3 enter second: san4 full name:  Zhang San5 enter first: q6 exit

 

如果想要在name_function.py函數的first和last添加一個中間名，為了驗證之前的函數是否能夠正常工作，可以在每次修改後都去驗證get_formatted_name(first,last)進行測試，未免太麻煩了。Python提供了這樣一種自動化的測試函數輸出的方法，unittest。

import unittestfrom name_function import get_formatted_name class NameTestCase(unittest.TestCase):    def test_first_last_name(self):        formatted_name = get_formatted_name(‘janis‘,‘joplin‘)        self.assertEqual(formatted_name,‘Janis Joplin‘)     def test_first_last_middle_name(self):        formatted_name = get_formatted_name(‘wolfgang‘,‘mozart‘,‘amadeus‘)        self.assertEqual(formatted_name,‘Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart‘) unittest.main()

以上代碼，匯入模組以及要被測試的函數，通過調用函數，斷言與返回的formatted_name判斷結果，最後unittest.main()執行以上結果。運行結果

..----------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 2 tests in 0.000s OK

 

再寫一段代碼survey.py

class AnoymousSurvey():    def __init__(self,question):        self.question = question        self.responses = []     def show_question(self):        print(self.question)     def store_response(self,new_response):        self.responses.append(new_response)     def show_results(self):        print("Survey results: ")        for response in self.responses:            print("- ",response)

 

language_servey.py

from survey import AnoymousSurvey question = "what language you first learn"my_survey = AnoymousSurvey(question) my_survey.show_question()print("enter q to quit") while True:    response = input("language: ")    if response == ‘q‘:        break    my_survey.store_response(response) print("--")print("thank your input") my_survey.show_results()

 

通過使用者輸入資訊，然後存入列表，接著列印出來接著使用unittest，test_survey.py

from survey import AnoymousSurveyimport unittest  class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):    def test_store_single_response(self):        question = "what language you first learn1"        my_survey = AnoymousSurvey(question)        my_survey.show_question()        my_survey.store_response(‘English‘)        self.assertIn(‘English‘,my_survey.responses)     def test_store_three_response(self):        question = "what language you first learn2"        my_survey = AnoymousSurvey(question)        my_survey.show_question()        responses = [‘English‘,‘Spanish‘,‘Chinese‘]        for response in responses:            my_survey.store_response(response)            self.assertIn(response,my_survey.responses) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:    unittest.main()

 

或者使用setUp方法

import unittestfrom survey import AnoymousSurvey class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):    def SetUp(self):        question = "what language you first learn"        self.my_survey = AnoymousSurvey(question)        self.responses = [‘English‘,‘Spanish‘,‘Chinese‘]     def test_store_single_response(self):        self.my_survey.store_response(self.responses[0])        self.assertIn(self.responses[0],self.my_survey.responses)     def test_store_three_response(self):        for response in self.responses:            self.my_survey.store_response(response)        for response in self.responses:            self.assertIn(response,self.my_survey.response) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:    unittest.main()

 

Python單元測試unittest