python之強大的日誌模組__python

作者：txw1958 | 出處：部落格園 | 2011/10/21 19:41:55 | 閱讀 43次 1.簡單的將日誌列印到螢幕  

import logging logging.debug('This is debug message') logging.info('This is info message') logging.warning('This is warning message')   螢幕上列印: WARNING:root:This is warning message

預設情況下，logging將日誌列印到螢幕，記錄層級為WARNING；
記錄層級大小關係為：CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG > NOTSET，當然也可以自己定義記錄層級。 2.通過logging.basicConfig函數對日誌的輸出格式及方式做相關配置

import logging logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,                 format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',                 datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',                 filename='myapp.log',                 filemode='w')      logging.debug('This is debug message') logging.info('This is info message') logging.warning('This is warning message')   ./myapp.log檔案中內容為: Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message

logging.basicConfig函數各參數:
filename: 指定記錄檔名
filemode: 和file函數意義相同，指定記錄檔的開啟模式，'w'或'a'
format: 指定輸出的格式和內容，format可以輸出很多有用資訊，如上例所示:
 %(levelno)s: 列印記錄層級的數值
 %(levelname)s: 列印記錄層級名稱
 %(pathname)s: 列印當前執行程式的路徑，其實就是sys.argv[0]
 %(filename)s: 列印當前執行程式名
 %(funcName)s: 列印日誌的當前函數
 %(lineno)d: 列印日誌的當前行號
 %(asctime)s: 列印日誌的時間
 %(thread)d: 列印線程ID
 %(threadName)s: 列印線程名稱
 %(process)d: 列印進程ID
 %(message)s: 列印日誌資訊
datefmt: 指定時間格式，同time.strftime()
level: 設定記錄層級，預設為logging.WARNING
stream: 指定將日誌的輸出資料流，可以指定輸出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者檔案，預設輸出到sys.stderr，當stream和filename同時指定時，stream被忽略 3.將日誌同時輸出到檔案和螢幕

import logging logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,                 format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',                 datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',                 filename='myapp.log',                 filemode='w') ################################################################################################# #定義一個StreamHandler，將INFO層級或更高的日誌資訊列印到標準錯誤，並將其添加到當前的Tlog對象# console = logging.StreamHandler() console.setLevel(logging.INFO) formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s') console.setFormatter(formatter) logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console) ################################################################################################# logging.debug('This is debug message') logging.info('This is info message') logging.warning('This is warning message')   螢幕上列印: root        : INFO     This is info message root        : WARNING  This is warning message ./myapp.log檔案中內容為: Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message

4.logging之日誌復原

import logging from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler ################################################################################################# #定義一個RotatingFileHandler，最多備份5個記錄檔，每個記錄檔最大10M Rthandler = RotatingFileHandler('myapp.log', maxBytes=10*1024*1024,backupCount=5) Rthandler.setLevel(logging.INFO) formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s') Rthandler.setFormatter(formatter) logging.getLogger('').addHandler(Rthandler) ################################################################################################

從上例和本例可以看出，logging有一個Tlog的主對象，其它處理方式都是通過addHandler添加進去的。
logging的幾種handle方式如下：

 

logging.StreamHandler: 日誌輸出到流，可以是sys.stderr、sys.stdout或者檔案 logging.FileHandler: 日誌輸出到檔案 日誌復原方式，實際使用時用RotatingFileHandler和TimedRotatingFileHandler logging.handlers.BaseRotatingHandler logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler logging.handlers.SocketHandler: 遠程輸出日誌到TCP/IP sockets logging.handlers.DatagramHandler:  遠程輸出日誌到UDP sockets logging.handlers.SMTPHandler:  遠程輸出日誌到郵件地址 logging.handlers.SysLogHandler: 日誌輸出到syslog logging.handlers.NTEventLogHandler: 遠程輸出日誌到Windows NT/2000/XP的事件記錄 logging.handlers.MemoryHandler: 日誌輸出到記憶體中的制定buffer logging.handlers.HTTPHandler: 通過"GET"或"POST"遠程輸出到HTTP伺服器

 

由於StreamHandler和FileHandler是常用的Tlog方式，所以直接包含在logging模組中，而其他方式則包含在logging.handlers模組中，
上述其它處理方式的使用請參見python2.5手冊。 5.通過logging.config模組配置日誌

#logger.conf ############################################### [loggers] keys=root,example01,example02 [logger_root] level=DEBUG handlers=hand01,hand02 [logger_example01] handlers=hand01,hand02 qualname=example01 propagate=0 [logger_example02] handlers=hand01,hand03 qualname=example02 propagate=0 ############################################### [handlers] keys=hand01,hand02,hand03 [handler_hand01] class=StreamHandler level=INFO formatter=form02 args=(sys.stderr,) [handler_hand02] class=FileHandler level=DEBUG formatter=form01 args=('myapp.log', 'a') [handler_hand03] class=handlers.RotatingFileHandler level=INFO formatter=form02 args=('myapp.log', 'a', 10*1024*1024, 5) ############################################### [formatters] keys=form01,form02 [formatter_form01] format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s datefmt=%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S [formatter_form02] format=%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s datefmt=

上例3：

import logging import logging.config logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf") logger = logging.getLogger("example01") logger.debug('This is debug message') logger.info('This is info message') logger.warning('This is warning message')

上例4：

import logging import logging.config logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf") logger = logging.getLogger("example02") logger.debug('This is debug message') logger.info('This is info message') logger.warning('This is warning message')

6.logging是安全執行緒的 7.logging重新導向strerr,strout

import loggingimport sys class StreamToLogger(object):   """   Fake file-like stream object that redirects writes to a logger instance.   """   def __init__(self, logger, log_level=logging.INFO):      self.logger = logger      self.log_level = log_level      self.linebuf = ''    def write(self, buf):      for line in buf.rstrip().splitlines():         self.logger.log(self.log_level, line.rstrip()) logging.basicConfig(   level=logging.DEBUG,   format='%(asctime)s:%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s',   filename="out.log",   filemode='a') stdout_logger = logging.getLogger('STDOUT')sl = StreamToLogger(stdout_logger, logging.INFO)sys.stdout = sl stderr_logger = logging.getLogger('STDERR')sl = StreamToLogger(stderr_logger, logging.ERROR)sys.stderr = sl print "Test to standard out"raise Exception('Test to standard error')

We define a custom file-like object called StreamToLogger object which sends anything written to it to a logger instead. We then create two instances of that object and replace sys.stdout and sys.stderr with our fake file-like instances.

The output logfile looks like this:

2011-08-14 14:46:20,573:INFO:STDOUT:Test to standard out  2011-08-14 14:46:20,573:ERROR:STDERR:Traceback (most recent call last):  2011-08-14 14:46:20,574:ERROR:STDERR:  File "redirect.py", line 33, in   2011-08-14 14:46:20,574:ERROR:STDERR:raise Exception('Test to standard error')  2011-08-14 14:46:20,574:ERROR:STDERR:Exception  2011-08-14 14:46:20,574:ERROR:STDERR::  2011-08-14 14:46:20,574:ERROR:STDERR:Test to standard error  2011-08-14 14:46:20,573:INFO:STDOUT:Test to standard out2011-08-14 14:46:20,573:ERROR:STDERR:Traceback (most recent call last):2011-08-14 14:46:20,574:ERROR:STDERR:  File "redirect.py", line 33, in 2011-08-14 14:46:20,574:ERROR:STDERR:raise Exception('Test to standard error')2011-08-14 14:46:20,574:ERROR:STDERR:Exception2011-08-14 14:46:20,574:ERROR:STDERR::2011-08-14 14:46:20,574:ERROR:STDERR:Test to standard error