Redis資料庫在linux中安裝及主從配置

　　Redis是一個開源、支援網路、基於記憶體、索引值對儲存資料庫。與其他非關係型資料庫主要不同在於，Redis中值的類型不僅限於字串（Strings），還支援如下抽象資料類型：(列表)Lists、（集合）Sets、（有序集合）Sorted sets 、（雜湊）Hashes。Redis 通過 RDB、AOF 兩種方式來實現資料的持久化。

　　安裝Redis

　　Redis 源碼包儲存路徑 /usr/local/src

　　Redis 軟體安裝路徑 /usr/local/redis

　　編譯 Redis 前先安裝 tcl，若不安裝，在 make test 階段會提示錯誤。

[root@z-dig ~]# yum -q -y install tcl

[root@z-dig ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@z-dig src]# wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.0.5.tar.gz

[root@z-dig src]# tar xf redis-3.0.5.tar.gz  [root@z-dig src]# cd redis-3.0.5 [root@z-dig redis-3.0.5]# make [root@z-dig redis-3.0.5]# make test ... \o/ All tests passed without errors!  Cleanup: may take some time... OK make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/redis-3.0.5/src' [root@z-dig redis-3.0.5]# make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis-3.0.5 install

[root@z-dig redis-3.0.5]# mkdir /usr/local/redis-3.0.5/conf -p [root@z-dig redis-3.0.5]# ln -s /usr/local/redis-3.0.5/ /usr/local/redis

[root@z-dig redis-3.0.5]# cp redis.conf /usr/local/redis/conf/

[root@z-dig redis-3.0.5]# cd /usr/local/redis [root@z-dig redis]# pwd /usr/local/redis [root@z-dig redis]# tree . . ├── bin │   ├── redis-benchmark │   ├── redis-check-aof │   ├── redis-check-dump │   ├── redis-cli │   └── redis-server └── conf     └── redis.conf  2 directories, 6 files [root@z-dig redis]#

　　到此 Redis 已安裝在 /usr/local/redis

　　修改設定檔

　　由於以下配置在某些配置項後添加了注釋，所以不能直接使用，使用時需要把後面的注釋刪除。

[root@z-dig redis]# grep -Ev '#|^$' conf/redis.conf daemonize yes #run as a daemon pidfile /var/run/redis.pid # pid file port 6379 # server port tcp-backlog 511 # < /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn bind 127.0.0.1 # bind network interface timeout 0 # Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds tcp-keepalive 0 loglevel warning # verbosity level logfile "/var/log/redis.log" databases 16 # number of databases begain with 0 save 900 1 # after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed save 300 10 # after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed save 60 10000 # after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes rdbcompression yes # compress dump.rdb rdbchecksum yes # check dump.rdb dbfilename dump.rdb # dump file name dir ./ # dump file path slave-serve-stale-data yes slave-read-only yes repl-diskless-sync no repl-diskless-sync-delay 5 repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no slave-priority 100 requirepass www.z-dig.com # password for redis when client connect to this server appendonly no # use AOF or RDB appendfilename "appendonly.aof" # AOF file name appendfsync everysec # save frequency no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100 auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb aof-load-truncated yes lua-time-limit 5000 slowlog-log-slower-than 10000 slowlog-max-len 128 latency-monitor-threshold 0 notify-keyspace-events "" hash-max-ziplist-entries 512 hash-max-ziplist-value 64 list-max-ziplist-entries 512 list-max-ziplist-value 64 set-max-intset-entries 512 zset-max-ziplist-entries 128 zset-max-ziplist-value 64 hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000 activerehashing yes client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0 client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60 client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60 hz 10 aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes [root@z-dig redis]#

　　調整核心參數

[root@z-dig redis]# echo 512 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn

　　啟動 redis

[root@z-dig redis]# /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf [root@z-dig redis]# lsof -i:6379 COMMAND     PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME redis-ser 20504 root    4u  IPv4 139391      0t0  TCP localhost:6379 (LISTEN) [root@z-dig redis]#

　　測試

[root@z-dig redis]# ln -s /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli /usr/local/sbin/ [root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a www.z-dig.com 127.0.0.1:6379> set name mr.zhou OK 127.0.0.1:6379> get name "mr.zhou" 127.0.0.1:6379> 127.0.0.1:6379> help shutdown    SHUTDOWN [NOSAVE] [SAVE]   summary: Synchronously save the dataset to disk and then shut down the server   since: 1.0.0   group: server  127.0.0.1:6379> 127.0.0.1:6379> shutdown save not connected> not connected> get name Could not connect to Redis at 127.0.0.1:6379: Connection refused not connected>  not connected> quit [root@z-dig redis]# lsof -i:6379 [root@z-dig redis]#  [root@z-dig redis]# /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf [root@z-dig redis]# lsof -i:6379 COMMAND     PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME redis-ser 20675 root    4u  IPv4 143036      0t0  TCP localhost:6379 (LISTEN) [root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a www.z-dig.com get name "mr.zhou" [root@z-dig redis]#

　　基礎測試完成。根據實際環境進行配置調優。

　　多執行個體主從配置

[root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a www.z-dig.com shutdown save [root@z-dig redis]# cp conf/redis.conf conf/redis-1.conf [root@z-dig redis]# grep -Ev '#|^$' conf/redis-1.conf  daemonize yes pidfile /var/run/redis-1.pid port 16379 tcp-backlog 511 bind 127.0.0.1 timeout 0 tcp-keepalive 0 loglevel warning logfile "/var/log/redis-1.log" databases 16 save 900 1 save 300 10 save 60 10000 stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes rdbcompression yes rdbchecksum yes dbfilename dump-1.rdb dir ./  slaveof 127.0.0.1 6379 masterauth www.z-dig.com slave-serve-stale-data yes slave-read-only yes repl-diskless-sync no repl-diskless-sync-delay 5 repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no slave-priority 100 requirepass www.z-dig.com appendonly no appendfilename "appendonly.aof" appendfsync everysec no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100 auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb aof-load-truncated yes lua-time-limit 5000 slowlog-log-slower-than 10000 slowlog-max-len 128 latency-monitor-threshold 0 notify-keyspace-events "" hash-max-ziplist-entries 512 hash-max-ziplist-value 64 list-max-ziplist-entries 512 list-max-ziplist-value 64 set-max-intset-entries 512 zset-max-ziplist-entries 128 zset-max-ziplist-value 64 hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000 activerehashing yes client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0 client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60 client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60 hz 10 aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes [root@z-dig redis]#

　　啟動兩個執行個體

[root@z-dig redis]# /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf [root@z-dig redis]# /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis-1.conf [root@z-dig redis]# lsof -i:6379 COMMAND     PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME redis-ser 20930 root    4u  IPv4 145992      0t0  TCP localhost:6379 (LISTEN) redis-ser 20930 root    5u  IPv4 146031      0t0  TCP localhost:6379->localhost:39445 (ESTABLISHED) redis-ser 20938 root    5u  IPv4 146029      0t0  TCP localhost:39445->localhost:6379 (ESTABLISHED) [root@z-dig redis]# lsof -i:16379 COMMAND     PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME redis-ser 20938 root    4u  IPv4 146024      0t0  TCP localhost:16379 (LISTEN) [root@z-dig redis]#

[root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a www.z-dig.com get name "mr.zhou" [root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 16379 -a www.z-dig.com get name "mr.zhou" [root@z-dig redis]#

　　測試主從

[root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a www.z-dig.com info replication # Replication role:master connected_slaves:1 slave0:ip=127.0.0.1,port=16379,state=online,offset=337,lag=1 master_repl_offset:337 repl_backlog_active:1 repl_backlog_size:1048576 repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:2 repl_backlog_histlen:336 [root@z-dig redis]#   [root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 16379 -a www.z-dig.com info replication # Replication role:slave master_host:127.0.0.1 master_port:6379 master_link_status:up master_last_io_seconds_ago:9 master_sync_in_progress:0 slave_repl_offset:351 slave_priority:100 slave_read_only:1 connected_slaves:0 master_repl_offset:0 repl_backlog_active:0 repl_backlog_size:1048576 repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0 repl_backlog_histlen:0 [root@z-dig redis]#

[root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 16379 -a www.z-dig.com get age (nil) [root@z-dig redis]#  [root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 16379 -a www.z-dig.com set age 23 (error) READONLY You can't write against a read only slave. [root@z-dig redis]#   [root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a www.z-dig.com get age (nil) [root@z-dig redis]#  [root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a www.z-dig.com set age 23 OK [root@z-dig redis]#   [root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 16379 -a www.z-dig.com get age "23" [root@z-dig redis]#

　　多執行個體主從已配置完成，並測試成功。配置過程中需要注意各執行個體的連接埠、PID檔案、dump 檔案不能相同。若配置了密碼訪問，則應注意從執行個體中進行相應的密碼配置。從庫是否唯讀等。

　　設定檔中還有很多進階配置項，可以進行調優配置，並組成Redis叢集。RDB、AOF可根據實際的情況進行配置。後期會進行介紹。