標籤:style blog http io os ar 使用 java for
Grand Central Dispatch (GCD)是Apple開發的一個多核編程的解決方案。
dispatch queue分成以下三種:
1)運行在主線程的Main queue,通過dispatch_get_main_queue擷取。
Java代碼
- /*!
- * @function dispatch_get_main_queue
- *
- * @abstract
- * Returns the default queue that is bound to the main thread.
- *
- * @discussion
- * In order to invoke blocks submitted to the main queue, the application must
- * call dispatch_main(), NSApplicationMain(), or use a CFRunLoop on the main
- * thread.
- *
- * @result
- * Returns the main queue. This queue is created automatically on behalf of
- * the main thread before main() is called.
- */
- __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6,__IPHONE_4_0)
- DISPATCH_EXPORT struct dispatch_queue_s _dispatch_main_q;
- #define dispatch_get_main_queue() \
- DISPATCH_GLOBAL_OBJECT(dispatch_queue_t, _dispatch_main_q)
/*!* @function dispatch_get_main_queue** @abstract* Returns the default queue that is bound to the main thread.** @discussion* In order to invoke blocks submitted to the main queue, the application must* call dispatch_main(), NSApplicationMain(), or use a CFRunLoop on the main* thread.** @result* Returns the main queue. This queue is created automatically on behalf of* the main thread before main() is called.*/__OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6,__IPHONE_4_0)DISPATCH_EXPORT struct dispatch_queue_s _dispatch_main_q;#define dispatch_get_main_queue() DISPATCH_GLOBAL_OBJECT(dispatch_queue_t, _dispatch_main_q)
可以看出,dispatch_get_main_queue也是一種dispatch_queue_t。
2)並行隊列global dispatch queue,通過dispatch_get_global_queue擷取,由系統建立三個不同優先順序的dispatch queue。並行隊列的執行順序與其排入佇列的順序相同。
3)串列隊列serial queues一般用於按順序同步訪問,可建立任意數量的串列隊列,各個串列隊列之間是並發的。
當想要任務按照某一個特定的順序執行時,串列隊列是很有用的。串列隊列在同一個時間只執行一個任務。我們可以使用串列隊列代替鎖去保護共用的資料。和鎖不同,一個串列隊列可以保證任務在一個可預知的順序下執行。
serial queues通過dispatch_queue_create建立,可以使用函數dispatch_retain和dispatch_release去增加或者減少引用計數。
GCD的用法:
Java代碼
- // 後台執行:
- dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
- // something
- });
-
- // 主線程執行:
- dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
- // something
- });
-
- // 一次性執行:
- static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
- dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
- // code to be executed once
- });
-
- // 延遲2秒執行:
- double delayInSeconds = 2.0;
- dispatch_time_t popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, delayInSeconds * NSEC_PER_SEC);
- dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void){
- // code to be executed on the main queue after delay
- });
-
- // 自訂dispatch_queue_t
- dispatch_queue_t urls_queue = dispatch_queue_create("blog.devtang.com", NULL);
- dispatch_async(urls_queue, ^{
- // your code
- });
- dispatch_release(urls_queue);
-
- // 合并匯總結果
- dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
- dispatch_group_async(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{
- // 並存執行的線程一
- });
- dispatch_group_async(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{
- // 並存執行的線程二
- });
- dispatch_group_notify(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{
- // 匯總結果
- });
// 後台執行: dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{ // something }); // 主線程執行: dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ // something }); // 一次性執行: static dispatch_once_t onceToken; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ // code to be executed once }); // 延遲2秒執行: double delayInSeconds = 2.0; dispatch_time_t popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, delayInSeconds * NSEC_PER_SEC); dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void){ // code to be executed on the main queue after delay }); // 自訂dispatch_queue_t dispatch_queue_t urls_queue = dispatch_queue_create("blog.devtang.com", NULL); dispatch_async(urls_queue, ^{ // your code }); dispatch_release(urls_queue); // 合并匯總結果 dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create(); dispatch_group_async(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{ // 並存執行的線程一 }); dispatch_group_async(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{ // 並存執行的線程二 }); dispatch_group_notify(group, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^{ // 匯總結果 });
一個應用GCD的例子:
Java代碼
- dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
- NSURL * url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"];
- NSError * error;
- NSString * data = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];
- if (data != nil) {
- dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
- NSLog(@"call back, the data is: %@", data);
- });
- } else {
- NSLog(@"error when download:%@", error);
- }
- });
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{ NSURL * url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"]; NSError * error; NSString * data = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error]; if (data != nil) { dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ NSLog(@"call back, the data is: %@", data); }); } else { NSLog(@"error when download:%@", error); } });
GCD的另一個用處是可以讓程式在後台較長久的運行。
在沒有使用GCD時,當app被按home鍵退出後,app僅有最多5秒鐘的時候做一些儲存或清理資源的工作。但是在使用GCD後,app最多有10分鐘的時間在後台長久運行。這個時間可以用來做清理本機快取,發送統計資料等工作。
讓程式在後台長久啟動並執行範例程式碼如下:
Java代碼
- // AppDelegate.h檔案
- @property (assign, nonatomic) UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier backgroundUpdateTask;
-
- // AppDelegate.m檔案
- - (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application
- {
- [self beingBackgroundUpdateTask];
- // 在這裡加上你需要長久啟動並執行代碼
- [self endBackgroundUpdateTask];
- }
-
- - (void)beingBackgroundUpdateTask
- {
- self.backgroundUpdateTask = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler:^{
- [self endBackgroundUpdateTask];
- }];
- }
-
- - (void)endBackgroundUpdateTask
- {
- [[UIApplication sharedApplication] endBackgroundTask: self.backgroundUpdateTask];
- self.backgroundUpdateTask = UIBackgroundTaskInvalid;
- }
iOS多線程GCD 研究