標籤:
字串處理函數
1.返回字串的長度
str.length => integer
2.判斷字串中是否包含另一個串
str.include? other_str => true or false"hello".include? "lo" #=> true"hello".include? "ol" #=> false"hello".include? ?h #=> true
3.字串插入:
str.insert(index, other_str) => str"abcd".insert(0, ‘X‘) #=> "Xabcd""abcd".insert(3, ‘X‘) #=> "abcXd""abcd".insert(4, ‘X‘) #=> "abcdX""abcd".insert(-3, ‘X‘)-3, ‘X‘) #=> "abXcd""abcd".insert(-1, ‘X‘) #=> "abcdX"
4.字串分隔,預設分隔符號為空白格
str.split(pattern=$;, [limit]) => anArray" now‘s the time".split #=> ["now‘s", "the", "time"]"1, 2.34,56, 7".split(%r{,\s*}) #=> ["1", "2.34", "56", "7"]"hello".split(//) #=> ["h", "e", "l", "l", "o"]"hello".split(//, 3) #=> ["h", "e", "llo"]"hi mom".split(%r{\s*}) #=> ["h", "i", "m", "o", "m"]"mellow yellow".split("ello") #=> ["m", "w y", "w"]"1,2,,3,4,,".split(‘,‘) #=> ["1", "2", "", "3", "4"]"1,2,,3,4,,".split(‘,‘, 4) #=> ["1", "2", "", "3,4,,"]
5.字串替換
str.gsub(pattern, replacement) => new_strstr.gsub(pattern) {|match| block } => new_str"hello".gsub(/[aeiou]/, ‘*‘) #=> "h*ll*" #將母音替換成*號"hello".gsub(/([aeiou])/, ‘<\1>‘) #=> "h<e>ll<o>" #將母音加上角括弧,\1表示保留原有字元???"hello".gsub(/./) {|s| s[0].to_s + ‘ ‘} #=> "104 101 108 108 111 "
字串替換二:
str.replace(other_str) => strs = "hello" #=> "hello"s.replace "world" #=> "world"
6.字串刪除:
str.delete([other_str]+) => new_str"hello".delete "l","lo" #=> "heo""hello".delete "lo" #=> "he""hello".delete "aeiou", "^e" #=> "hell""hello".delete "ej-m" #=> "ho"
7.去掉前和後的空格
str.lstrip => new_str" hello ".lstrip #=> "hello ""hello".lstrip #=> "hello"
8.字串匹配
str.match(pattern) => matchdata or nil
9.字串反轉
str.reverse => new_str"stressed".reverse #=> "desserts"
10.去掉重複的字元
str.squeeze([other_str]*) => new_str"yellow moon".squeeze #=> "yelow mon" #預設去掉串中所有重複的字元" now is the".squeeze(" ") #=> " now is the" #去掉串中重複的空格"putters shoot balls".squeeze("m-z") #=> "puters shot balls" #去掉指定範圍內的重複字元
11.轉化成數字
str.to_i=> str"12345".to_i #=> 12345
chomp和chop的區別:
chomp:去掉字串末尾的\n或\r
chop:去掉字串末尾的最後一個字元,不管是\n\r還是一般字元
"hello".chomp #=> "hello""hello\n".chomp #=> "hello""hello\r\n".chomp #=> "hello""hello\n\r".chomp #=> "hello\n""hello\r".chomp #=> "hello""hello".chomp("llo") #=> "he""string\r\n".chop #=> "string""string\n\r".chop #=> "string\n""string\n".chop #=> "string""string".chop #=> "strin"
split是String類的一個類方法,我根據ri String.split提供的內容簡單翻譯一下。
----------------------------------------------------------- String#split
str.split(pattern=$;, [limit]) => anArray
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Divides _str_ into substrings based on a delimiter, returning an
array of these substrings.
將一個字串用分隔字元分割成一些子字串,並返回一個包含這些子字串的數組。
If _pattern_ is a +String+, then its contents are used as the
delimiter when splitting _str_. If _pattern_ is a single space,
_str_ is split on whitespace, with leading whitespace and runs of
contiguous whitespace characters ignored.
如果pattern部分是一個字串,那麼用它作分割符來分隔,如果pattern是一個空格,那麼在空格處分割,並且臨近的空格被忽略。
If _pattern_ is a +Regexp+, _str_ is divided where the pattern
matches. Whenever the pattern matches a zero-length string, _str_
is split into individual characters.
如果pattern是個正則表達式,那麼在匹配pattern的地方分割,當pattern是長度為0的字串,那麼split將把字串分割為單個字元
If _pattern_ is omitted, the value of +$;+ is used. If +$;+ is
+nil+ (which is the default), _str_ is split on whitespace as if `
‘ were specified.
如果pattern被忽略,將用$;來分隔,如果$;沒有設定(就是在預設狀態),split將制定空格‘ ‘
If the _limit_ parameter is omitted, trailing null fields are
suppressed. If _limit_ is a positive number, at most that number of
fields will be returned (if _limit_ is +1+, the entire string is
returned as the only entry in an array). If negative, there is no
limit to the number of fields returned, and trailing null fields
are not suppressed.
如果limit參數被忽略,跟蹤空段被抑制,如果limit是個正數,那麼至多返回limit個欄位(如果是1,那麼將整個字串作為一個欄位返回),如果是個負數,那麼跟蹤空段不被抑制。
" now‘s the time".split #=> ["now‘s", "the", "time"]
" now‘s the time".split(‘ ‘) #=> ["now‘s", "the", "time"]
" now‘s the time".split(/ /) #=> ["", "now‘s", "", "the", "time"]
"1, 2.34,56, 7".split(%r{,\s*}) #=> ["1", "2.34", "56", "7"]
"hello".split(//) #=> ["h", "e", "l", "l", "o"]
"hello".split(//, 3) #=> ["h", "e", "llo"]
"hi mom".split(%r{\s*}) #=> ["h", "i", "m", "o", "m"]
"mellow yellow".split("ello") #=> ["m", "w y", "w"]
"1,2,,3,4,,".split(‘ ,‘) #=> ["1", "2", "", "3", "4"]
"1,2,,3,4,,".split(‘,‘, 4) #=> ["1", "2", "", "3,4,,"]
"1,2,,3,4,,".split(‘,‘, -4) #=> ["1", "2", "", "3", "4", "", ""]
如果包含特殊字元,注意轉義
"wo | shi | yi | ge | bing".split(/\s*\|\s*) #豎杠別忘了轉義
還有它和String.scan的區別,split中的pattern是分隔字元,而scan中的pattern指的是要匹配的東西。
"123=342=4234=523421=6424".scan(/\d+/) #=> ["123","342","4234","523421","6424"]
如果匹配項被括起來,那麼則會保留分割符,例如:
"Three little words".split(/\s+/) #===>["three","little",words"]
"Three little words".split(/(\s+)/) #===>["three"," ","little"," ","words"] 保留了空格
Ruby:字串處理函數