shell指令碼之指令碼接收選項

標籤：linux   shell   getopts()   

1.建立一個指令碼，能為其他指令碼添加指令碼資訊：
    #vim cs.sh
        #!/bin/bash
        cat > $1 <<EOF
        #!/bin/bash
        #Name: `basename $1`
        #Description:
        #Author:TEST
        #Version:0.0.1
        #Datatime:`date "+%F +%T"`
        #Usage:`basename $1`

        EOF
        vim +8 $1

2.修改指令碼，若開啟的指令碼中有內容，則直接開啟，若為空白則添加資訊。
    #vim cs.sh
        #!/bin/bash
        if ! grep “[^[::space]]” $1 &> /dev/null ; then
            cat > $1 <<EOF
            #!/bin/bash
            #Name: `basename $1`
            #Description:
            #Author:TEST
            #Version:0.0.1
            #Datatime:`date "+%F +%T"`
            #Usage:`basename $1`

            EOF
             vim +8 $1
        fi
        vim  + $1

3.修改指令碼，添加文法測試功能。若有錯誤讓使用者選擇是否退出編輯。
     #vim cs.sh
        #!/bin/bash
        if ! grep “[^[::space]]” $1 &> /dev/null ; then
            cat > $1 <<EOF
            #!/bin/bash
            #Name: `basename $1`
            #Description:
            #Author:TEST
            #Version:0.0.1
            #Datatime:`date "+%F +%T"`
            #Usage:`basename $1`

            EOF
             vim +8 $1
        fi
        vim  + $1

        until banshi -n $1 &> /dev/null ;do
            read  -p "Syntax error ,q|Q for quit,others for edit." OPT
            case $1 in {
                q|Q )
                    echo "quit"
                    exit 5
                    ;;
                *)
                      vim + $1
                      ;;
            }
            esac
        done

        chmod +x $1

4.使用剛才的cs.sh建立指令碼，並為指令碼添加選項的功能。：
    #./cs.sh opt.sh
             #!/bin/bash
            #Name: opt.sh
            #Description:
            #Author:TEST
            #Version:0.0.1
            #Datatime:xxxx-xxxx
            #Usage:opt.sh
            function USAGE() {
                echo "Usage:  opt.sh [-b|-d] args"

            }
            while getopts  ":b:d:"  SW ;do
                case $SW in
                    b)
                        echo "the option is  b"
                        echo $OPTARG
                        ;;
                    d)
                        echo "the option is d"
                        echo $OPTARG
                        ;;
                    \?)
                        echo "wrong options"
                        USAGE
                        ;;
                esac
            done
        #./opt.sh -b test1
        #./opt.sh -d test2
        #./opt.sh -c test3

5.修改 sc.sh，建立指令碼時使用選項讓使用者輸入description。
      #vim cs.sh
        #!/bin/bash
        while getopts ":d:" SW;do
            case $SW in
                d)
                    DESC=$OPTARG
                \?)
                    echo "Usage: sc.sh [-d DESCRIPTION] FILENAME"
            esca
        done

        shift $[$OPTIND-1]

        if ! grep “[^[::space]]” $1 &> /dev/null ; then
            cat > $1 <<EOF
            #!/bin/bash
            #Name: `basename $1`
            #Description:$DESC
            #Author:TEST
            #Version:0.0.1
            #Datatime:`date "+%F +%T"`
            #Usage:`basename $1`

            EOF
             vim +8 $1
        fi
        vim  + $1

        until banshi -n $1 &> /dev/null ;do
            read  -p "Syntax error ,q|Q for quit,others for edit." OPT
            case $1 in {
                q|Q )
                    echo "quit"
                    exit 5
                    ;;
                *)
                      vim + $1
                      ;;
            }
            esac
        done

        chmod +x $1   

6.編輯opt.sh，查看OPTIND的具體情況。
    #vim opt.sh
        #!/bin/bash
        #Name: opt.sh
        #Description:
        #Author:TEST
        #Version:0.0.1
        #Datatime:xxxx-xxxx
        #Usage:opt.sh
        function USAGE() {
            echo "Usage:  opt.sh [-b|-d] args"

        }
        while getopts  ":bd"  SW ;do
            case $SW in
                b)
                    echo "the option is  b"
                    echo $OPTARG
                    echo $OPTIND
                    ;;
                d)
                    echo "the option is d"
                    echo $OPTARG
                    echo $OPTIND
                    ;;
                \?)
                    echo "wrong options"
                    USAGE
                    ;;
            esac
        done
    #./opt.sh -b
        2
    #./opt.sh -b -d
        2
        3
7.寫一個指令碼ift.sh，可以接受選項 i I a ，要求如下：
    usage如下： ift.sh [-i INTERFACE|-I  IP| -a ]
    -i 顯示指定網卡的ip地址，-I 顯示IP地址對應的介面，-a顯示出io介面外的所有介面和ip資訊。

    #vim ift.sh
        #!/bin/bash
        SHOWIP() {
            if  ! ifconfig|grep -o "^[^[:space:]]\{1,\}" |grep $1 &> /dev/null; then
                return 15
            fi

            echo -n "${1}: "
            ifconfig $1 |grep -o "inet addr:[0-9\.]\{1,\}" |cut -d: -f2
            echo
        }

        SHOWIF(){
            if ! ifconfig |grep  -o "inet addr:[0-9\.]\{1,\}" |cut -d: -f2|grep $1 &> /dev/null;then
                return 16
            fi

            echo -n "${1}:"
            ifconfig |grep -B 1 "$1" |grep -o "^[^[:space:]]\{1,\}"
            echo
        }

        SHOWALL(){
          暫時沒想出來 先空著！！稍後補齊


        }

        while getopts  ":i:I:a:" SW ;do
            case $SW in
                i)
                    SHOWIP $OPTARG
                    if [$? -eq 15] && echo "wrong interface!"
                    ;;
                I)
                    SHOWIF $OPTARG
                    f [$? -eq 16] && echo "wrong ip!"
                    ;;
                a)
                    SHOWALL
                    ;;

                \?)
                    echo “Usage ift.sh [-i INTERFACE|-I  IP| -a ]”
                    ;;
            esac



            


#getopts "[:]OPTION[:]..." [OPTARG]
    內建參數：
        OPTARG 參數
        OPTIND 選項索引，指令碼中有多個選項時，最開始指向第二個選項，注意不是第一個！！ 。使用shift後則指向第三個選項，以此類推。

    OPTION 選項可以有多個，如果參數後邊有 OPTARG選項內建的參數，選項後如果後參數，則要在選項後邊加上冒號（:）。
    若不想輸出錯誤資訊，則在所有選項最前頭加上冒號（:）。
    注意，一次只能跟一個選項，不能跟多個。

本文出自 “小私的blog” 部落格，請務必保留此出處http://ggvylf.blog.51cto.com/784661/1668732

shell指令碼之指令碼接收選項