centos 之 設定環境變數,centos設定環境變數

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centos 之 設定環境變數,centos設定環境變數

方法一: 在/etc/profile檔案中添加變數【對所有使用者生效(永久的)】

用VI在檔案/etc/profile檔案中增加變數,該變數將會對Linux下所有使用者有效,並且是“永久的”。

[root@CentOS ~]# vi /etc/profile

在檔案末尾加上如下兩行代碼

PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH

export PATH

# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup

# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you

# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in

# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this

# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

pathmunge () {

case ":${PATH}:" in

*:"$1":*)

;;

*)

if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then

PATH=$PATH:$1

else

PATH=$1:$PATH

fi

esac

}

if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then

if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then

# ksh workaround

EUID=`id -u`

UID=`id -ru`

fi

USER="`id -un`"

LOGNAME=$USER

MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"

fi

# Path manipulation

if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then

pathmunge /sbin

pathmunge /usr/sbin

pathmunge /usr/local/sbin

else

pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after

pathmunge /usr/sbin after

pathmunge /sbin after

fi

HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`

HISTSIZE=1000

if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then

export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

else

export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups

fi

export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL

# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell

# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200

# You could check uidgid reservation validity in

# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file

if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then

umask 002

else

umask 022

fi

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do

if [ -r "$i" ]; then

if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then

. "$i"

else

. "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1

fi

fi

done

unset i

unset pathmunge

PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH

export PATH

要是剛才的修改馬上生效,需要執行以下代碼

[root@CentOS ~]# source /etc/profile

方法二:在使用者目錄下的.bash_profile檔案中增加變數【對單一使用者生效(永久的)】

用VI在使用者目錄下的.bash_profile檔案中增加變數,改變數僅會對目前使用者有效,並且是“永久的”。具體操作和方法1一樣,這裡就不在列舉代碼了。

方法三:直接運行export命令定義變數【只對當前shell(BASH)有效(臨時的)】

在shell的命令列下直接使用[export變數名=變數值]定義變數,該變數只在當前的shell(BASH)或其子shell(BASH)下是有效,shell關閉了,變數也就失效了,再開啟新shell時就沒有這個變數,需要使用的話還需要重新定義。例如

export PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH

 

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