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if 語句通過關係運算子判斷運算式的真假來決定執行哪個分支。Shell 有三種 if ... else 語句:
- if ... fi 語句;
- if ... else ... fi 語句;
- if ... elif ... else ... fi 語句。
1) if ... else 語句
if ... else 語句的文法:
if [ expression ]then Statement(s) to be executed if expression is truefi
如果 expression 返回 true,then 後邊的語句將會被執行;如果返回 false,不會執行任何語句。
最後必須以 fi 來結尾閉合 if,fi 就是 if 倒過來拼字,後面也會遇見。
注意:expression 和方括弧([ ])之間必須有空格,否則會有語法錯誤。
#!/bin/sha=10b=20#下面兩種寫法都是正確的,除此之外的寫法都是錯誤的if [ $a == $b ]then echo ‘a is equal to b‘fiif [ $a != $b ] ; then echo ‘a is not equal to b‘fi
運行結果:
a is not equal to b
2) if ... else ... fi 語句
if ... else ... fi 語句的文法:
if [ expression ]then Statement(s) to be executed if expression is trueelse Statement(s) to be executed if expression is not truefi
如果 expression 返回 true,那麼 then 後邊的語句將會被執行;否則,執行 else 後邊的語句。
舉個例子:
#!/bin/sha=10b=20if [ $a == $b ] ;then echo "a is equal to b"else echo "a is not equal to b"fiif [ $a == $b ]then echo "a is equal to b"else echo "a is not equal to b"fi:<<EOF 下面的寫法是錯誤的,請注意if [ $a == $b ] then echo "a is equal to b"else echo "a is not equal to b"fiEOF
執行結果:
a is not equal to ba is not equal to b
3) if ... elif ... fi 語句
if ... elif ... fi 語句可以對多個條件進行判斷,文法為:
if [ expression 1 ]then Statement(s) to be executed if expression 1 is trueelif [ expression 2 ]then Statement(s) to be executed if expression 2 is trueelif [ expression 3 ]then Statement(s) to be executed if expression 3 is trueelse Statement(s) to be executed if no expression is truefi
哪一個 expression 的值為 true,就執行哪個 expression 後面的語句;如果都為 false,那麼不執行任何語句。
舉個例子:
#!/bin/sha=10b=20if [ $a == $b ] ; then echo "a is equal to b"elif [ $a -gt $b ] ; then echo "a is greater than b"elif [ $a -lt $b ] ; then echo "a is less than b"else echo "None of the condition met"fi
運行結果:
a is less than b
if ... else 語句也可以寫成一行,以命令的方式來運行,像這樣:
#!/bin/bashif test $[2*3] -eq $[1+5]; then echo ‘The two numbers are euqal!‘; fi;
#!/bin/bashif test $(2*3) -eq $(1+5); then echo ‘The two numbers are euqal!‘; fi;
if ... else 語句也經常與 test 命令結合使用,如下所示:
#!/bin/bashnum1=$[2*3]num1_1=$[2*6]num2=$[1+5]num2_1=$[1+5]if test $[num1] -eq $[num2] ; then echo "The two numbers are euqal!"else echo ‘The tow numbers are not equal!‘fiif test $num1_1 -eq $num2_1 ; then echo "The two numbers are euqal!"else echo ‘The tow numbers are not equal!‘fi
輸出:
The two numbers are euqal!The tow numbers are not equal!
test 命令用於檢查某個條件是否成立,與方括弧([ ])類似。
Shell if else語句