$0:擷取當前執行指令碼的檔案名稱,包括路徑。
[root@test script]# cat 0.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo $0
[root@test script]# sh 0.sh
0.sh
[root@test script]# cat 0.sh
#!/bin/bash
dirname "$0"
basename "$0"
[root@test script]# sh /byrd/script/0.sh
/byrd/script
0.sh
$n:擷取當前執行的shell指令碼的第N個參數,n=1..9,當n為0時表示指令碼的檔案名稱,如果n大於9,用大括弧括起來like${10}.
[root@test script]# cat n.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo $1 $2 ${10}
[root@test script]# sh n.sh a b c d e f g h i j k l m n
a b j
[root@LAMP script]# sh n.sh {a..z}
a b j
[root@test script]# sh n.sh `seq 11`
1 2 10
$*:擷取當前shell的所有參數,將所有的命令列參數視為單個字串。
$@:這個程式的所有參數"$1" "$2" "$3" "...",這是將參數傳遞給其他程式的最佳方式,因此TA會保留所有內嵌在每個參數裡的任何空白。
$#:擷取當前shell命令列中參數的總個數。
[root@test script]# cat hashtag.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "$#"
[root@test script]# sh hashtag.sh
0
[root@test script]# sh hashtag.sh 1 2 3
3
[root@test script]# sh hashtag.sh `seq 300`
300
[root@test script]# cat example.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Example
if [ $# -ne 2 ];then
echo "Error, please enter two parameters."
exit 1
else
echo "You did a good job."
fi
[root@test script]# sh example.sh a
Error, please enter two parameters.
[root@test script]# sh example.sh a b
You did a good job.
[root@test script]# sh example.sh a b c
Error, please enter two parameters.
$_:代表上一個命令的最後一個參數
$$:代表所在命令的PID
[root@LAMP script]# cat dollar.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "$$" >/tmp/dollar.pid
while true
do
sleep 1
done
[root@LAMP script]# sh dollar.sh
################################################
[root@LAMP ~]# cat /tmp/dollar.pid
1483
[root@LAMP ~]# ps -ef |grep 1483
root 1483 1453 0 14:58 pts/1 00:00:00 sh dollar.sh
root 1532 1483 0 14:58 pts/1 00:00:00 sleep 1
root 1534 1496 0 14:58 pts/0 00:00:00 grep 1483
[root@LAMP ~]# ps -ef |grep dollar
root 1483 1453 0 14:58 pts/1 00:00:00 sh dollar.sh
root 1555 1496 0 14:58 pts/0 00:00:00 grep dollar
$!:代表最後執行的後台命令的PID
$?:代表上一個命令執行是否成功的標誌,如果執行成功則$? 為0,否則不為0
[byrd@LAMP script]$ pwd
/byrd/script
[byrd@LAMP script]$ echo $?
0 #運行成功
[byrd@LAMP script]$ ls /root
ls: cannot open directory /root: Permission denied
[byrd@LAMP script]$ echo $?
2 #許可權拒絕
[byrd@LAMP script]$ hahaha
-bash: hahaha: command not found
[byrd@LAMP script]$ echo $?
127 #未找到該命令
###########################################
[byrd@LAMP ~]$ cat /byrd/script/question_mark.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Example
ls -al /root >/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "User is root"
else
echo "The user is not root"
fi
[root@LAMP script]# sh question_mark.sh
User is root
[root@LAMP script]# su - byrd
[byrd@LAMP ~]$ sh /byrd/script/question_mark.sh
The user is not root
未完成,待整理!