sqlserver實現樹形結構遞迴查詢(無限極分類)

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SQL Server 2005開始，我們可以直接通過CTE來支援遞迴查詢,CTE即通用資料表運算式

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通用資料表運算式（CTE），是一個在查詢中定義的臨時命名結果集將在from子句中使用它。每個CTE僅被定義一次（但在其範圍內可以被引用任意次），並且在該查詢生存期間將一直生存。可以使用CTE來執行遞迴操作。建立的文法是：

with <name of you cte>(<column names>)

as( <actual query> )

select * from <name of your cte>

1、產生資料

--菜單目錄結構表  create table tb_menu(   id int not null, --主鍵id  title varchar(50), --標題   parent int --parent id  );  --父菜單  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(1, ‘父菜單1‘,null);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(2, ‘父菜單2‘,null);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(3, ‘父菜單3‘,null);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(4, ‘父菜單4‘,null);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(5, ‘父菜單5‘,null);  --一級菜單  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(6, ‘一級菜單6‘,1);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(7, ‘一級菜單7‘,1);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(8, ‘一級菜單8‘,1);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(9, ‘一級菜單9‘,2);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(10, ‘一級菜單10‘,2);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(11, ‘一級菜單11‘,2);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(12, ‘一級菜單12‘,3);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(13, ‘一級菜單13‘,3);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(14, ‘一級菜單14‘,3);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(15, ‘一級菜單15‘,4);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(16, ‘一級菜單16‘,4);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(17, ‘一級菜單17‘,4);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(18, ‘一級菜單18‘,5);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(19, ‘一級菜單19‘,5);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(20, ‘一級菜單20‘,5);  --二級菜單  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(21, ‘二級菜單21‘,6);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(22, ‘二級菜單22‘,6);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(23, ‘二級菜單23‘,7);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(24, ‘二級菜單24‘,7);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(25, ‘二級菜單25‘,8);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(26, ‘二級菜單26‘,9);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(27, ‘二級菜單27‘,10);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(28, ‘二級菜單28‘,11);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(29, ‘二級菜單29‘,12);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(30, ‘二級菜單30‘,13);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(31, ‘二級菜單31‘,14);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(32, ‘二級菜單32‘,15);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(33, ‘二級菜單33‘,16);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(34, ‘二級菜單34‘,17);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(35, ‘二級菜單35‘,18);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(36, ‘二級菜單36‘,19);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(37, ‘二級菜單37‘,20);    --三級菜單  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(38, ‘三級菜單38‘,21);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(39, ‘三級菜單39‘,22);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(40, ‘三級菜單40‘,23);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(41, ‘三級菜單41‘,24);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(42, ‘三級菜單42‘,25);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(43, ‘三級菜單43‘,26);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(44, ‘三級菜單44‘,27);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(45, ‘三級菜單45‘,28);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(46, ‘三級菜單46‘,28);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(47, ‘三級菜單47‘,29);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(48, ‘三級菜單48‘,30);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(49, ‘三級菜單49‘,31);  insert into tb_menu(id, title, parent) values(50, ‘三級菜單50‘,31);  commit;  

　2.尋找所有上級節點

--查詢樹狀結構某節點(44)的上級所有根節點    with cte_parent(id,title,parent)    as    (        --起始條件        select id,title,parent        from tb_menu        where id = 44   --列出子節點查詢條件        union all        --遞迴條件        select a.id,a.title,a.parent        from tb_menu a        inner join         cte_parent b          --執行遞迴，這裡就要理解下了         on a.id=b.parent      )                           select * from cte_parent;  

3、尋找下級節點帶level

--查詢樹狀結構某節點下的所有子節點(    with cte_child(id,title,parent,level)    as    (        --起始條件        select id,title,parent,0 as level        from tb_menu        where id = 6--列出父節點查詢條件        union all        --遞迴條件        select a.id,a.title,a.parent,b.level+1        from tb_menu a        inner join         cte_child b        on ( a.parent=b.id)      )    select  * from cte_child;  

sqlserver實現樹形結構遞迴查詢(無限極分類)