MySQL主從同步、讀寫分離配置步驟

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現在使用的兩台伺服器已經安裝了MySQL,全是rpm封裝的,能正常使用。
為了避免不必要的麻煩,主從伺服器MySQL版本盡量保持一致;
環境:192.168.0.1 (Master)
192.168.0.2 (Slave)
MySQL Version:Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.48, for pc-linux-gnu (i686) using readline 5.1
1、登入Master伺服器,修改my.cnf,添加如下內容;
server-id = 1 //資料庫ID號, 為1時表示為Master,其中master_id必須為1到232–1之間的一個正整數值;
log-bin=mysql-bin //啟用二進位日誌;
binlog-do-db=data //需要同步的位元據庫名;
binlog-ignore-db=mysql //不同步的位元據庫名;這個同步後聽說很麻煩,我沒有同步;
log-bin=/var/log/mysql/updatelog //設定產生的log檔案名稱;
log-slave-updates //把更新的記錄寫到二進位檔案中;
slave-skip-errors //跳過錯誤,繼續執行複製;
2、建立複製所要使用的使用者;
mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to test@192.168.0.2 identified by '********'
3、重啟mysql;
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -uroot shutdown;
/usr/bin/mysql_safe &
4、現在備份Master上的資料;
鎖定後我直接tar.gz data這個庫檔案;
mysql>FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
cd /var/lib/mysql
tar data.tar.gz data
接著直接執行了遠程scp;
scp ./data.tar.gz root@192.168.0.2:/var/lib/mysql
5、登入Slave資料庫伺服器,修改my.cnf;
server-id = 3 //2已經被用在另一個伺服器上了,如果以後要再加Slave號接著往後數就OK了;
log-bin=mysql-bin
master-host = 192.168.0.1
master-user = test
master-password = ******
master-port = 3306
master-connect-retry=60 //如果發現主伺服器斷線,重新串連的時間差;
replicate-ignore-db=mysql //不需要備份的資料庫;
replicate-do-db=data //需要備份的資料庫
log-slave-update
slave-skip-errors
6、解壓剛才從Master scp過來的檔案,此處不用改許可權、屬主,預設沒有改變,可以根據實際情況進行修改;
7、上述完成後,可以啟動slave了;查看slave狀態;
mysql>slave start;
mysql>show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.0.1
Master_User: test
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: updatelog.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 106
Relay_Log_File: onlinevc-relay-bin.000013
Relay_Log_Pos: 1069
Relay_Master_Log_File: updatelog.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: data
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 106
Relay_Log_Space: 1681
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

8、查看Master上面的狀態;
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| updatelog.000012 | 15016 | data | mysql |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
由此可見兩者的File、Position存在問題,所要要去Slave上設定對應主庫的Master_Log_File、Read_Master_Log_Pos;執行如下語句;
mysql>slave stop;
mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.1',MASTER_USER='test', MASTER_PASSWORD='******',MASTER_LOG_FILE='updatelog.000012',MASTER_LOG_POS=15016;
確保 Slave_IO_Running: Yes 、Slave_SQL_Running: Yes都要為YES才能證明Slave的I/O和SQL進行正常。
9、解鎖主庫表;
UNLOCK TABLES;
到此主從MySQL伺服器配置完成,測試結果如下;
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| updatelog.000012 | 717039 | data | mysql |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.0.1
Master_User: test
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: updatelog.000012
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 717039
Relay_Log_File: onlinevc-relay-bin.000013
Relay_Log_Pos: 1222
Relay_Master_Log_File: updatelog.000012
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: data
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 717039
Relay_Log_Space: 1834
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified
#################################### 如下是MySQL資料庫讀寫分離操作步驟 ##########################################
此處使用MySQL自己(Mysql-proxy)的代理實現資料庫的讀寫分離;
所需要安裝包如下;
1、check-0.9.8
2、glib-2.18.4
3、libevent-2.0.6-rc
4、lua-5.1.4
wget http://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.1.4.tar.gz
5、pkg-config-0.23
6、mysql-5.0.56
7、mysql-proxy-0.8.0
http://mysql.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Downloads/MySQL-Proxy/mysql-proxy-0.8.0.tar.gz

別的安裝包地址當時沒有記,不過大部分都在這個網站上找的;http://sourceforge.net/
&&&&&&&&&& 安裝開始 &&&&&&&&
1、tar -zxvf check-0.8.4.tar.gz
cd check-0.8.4
./configure
make
make install
2、tar -zxvf glib-2.18.4.tar.gz //系統rpm包可能版本低出現了問題3;
./configure
make
make install
3、tar -zxvf libevent-2.0.6-rc.tar.gz
cd libevent-2.0.6-rc
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent
make && make install
4、tar -zxvf lua-5.1.4.tar.gz
INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local/lua // 為了把lua安裝到/var/lib/lua下,故要修改其下的Makefile;
或者直接執行:sed -i 's#INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local#INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local/lua#' Makefile
root@testmysql [/software/lua-5.1.4]# make
Please do
make PLATFORM
where PLATFORM is one of these:
aix ansi bsd freebsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris
See INSTALL for complete instructions.
這處是要你選擇伺服器所使用的平台;
執行:make linux //此處執行後出現了錯誤,解決辦法在下面問題解決區1處,此處先跳過;
再執行:make install
設定環境變數:
export LUA_CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/lua/include" LUA_LIBS="-L/usr/local/lua/lib -llua -ldl" LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/libevent/lib -lm"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/libevent/include"
export CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/libevent/include"

5、tar -zxvf pkg-config-0.23.tar.gz
cd pkg-config-0.23
./configure
make
make install
安裝完之後要執行:cp etc/lua.pc /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/lua5.1.pc //原因見下面的問題解決區2處;
6、安裝MySQL用戶端;
因為此伺服器系統是預設安裝了MySQL,沒有安裝用戶端,我又裝了client、devel如下所示已安裝的rpm包;
root@testmysql [/software/lua-5.1.4]# rpm -qa | grep MySQL
MySQL-client-5.1.48-0.glibc23
MySQL-bench-5.0.91-0.glibc23
MySQL-test-5.1.48-0.glibc23
MySQL-shared-5.1.48-0.glibc23
MySQL-server-5.1.48-0.glibc23
MySQL-devel-5.1.48-0.glibc23
此後的Mysql-proxy時總是一直報錯,編譯不過去,無奈之下用源碼包用戶端;(此時的rpm包都沒有卸載,直接執行了下面的安裝)//此處問題見問題解決區4處;
tar zxvf mysql-5.0.56.tar.gz //此處我直接使用了mysql的5.0.56的源碼包;
cd mysql-5.0.56
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --without-server
make && make install

7、tar xvf mysql-proxy-0.8.0.tar.gz
cd mysql-proxy-0.8.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql-proxy --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-lua //問題解決處4有介紹;
Make && Make install

8、在/var/lib/bin建立mysql-proxy.sh,內容如下;
#!/bin/bash
LUA_PATH="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/lib/mysql-proxy/lua/?.lua" /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --proxy-backend-addresses=192.168.0.1:3306 --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.0.2:3306 --proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/lib/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua >> /var/log/mysql-proxy.log &
然後加上可執行許可權;
chmod a+x /var/lib/bin/mysql-proxy.sh
執行:/var/lib/bin/mysql-proxy.sh 啟動服務;
9、驗證是否開戶了:4040、4041;
root@testmysql [/usr/local/bin]# netstat -an | grep 404*
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4040 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4041 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
10、測試讀寫分離,此步略過,所有配置已經完成。

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 問題解決區 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
1、在安裝的第四步執行make linux時報錯如下:
root@testmysql [/software/lua-5.1.4]# make linux
cd src && make linux
make[1]: Entering directory `/software/lua-5.1.4/src'
make all MYCFLAGS=-DLUA_USE_LINUX MYLIBS="-Wl,-E -ldl -lreadline -lhistory -lncurses"
make[2]: Entering directory `/software/lua-5.1.4/src'
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lapi.o lapi.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lcode.o lcode.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o ldebug.o ldebug.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o ldo.o ldo.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o ldump.o ldump.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lfunc.o lfunc.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lgc.o lgc.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o llex.o llex.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lmem.o lmem.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lobject.o lobject.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lopcodes.o lopcodes.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lparser.o lparser.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lstate.o lstate.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lstring.o lstring.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o ltable.o ltable.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o ltm.o ltm.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lundump.o lundump.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lvm.o lvm.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lzio.o lzio.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lauxlib.o lauxlib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lbaselib.o lbaselib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o ldblib.o ldblib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o liolib.o liolib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lmathlib.o lmathlib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o loslib.o loslib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o ltablib.o ltablib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lstrlib.o lstrlib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o loadlib.o loadlib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o linit.o linit.c
ar rcu liblua.a lapi.o lcode.o ldebug.o ldo.o ldump.o lfunc.o lgc.o llex.o lmem.o lobject.o lopcodes.o lparser.o lstate.o lstring.o ltable.o ltm.o lundump.o lvm.o lzio.o lauxlib.o lbaselib.o ldblib.o liolib.o lmathlib.o loslib.o ltablib.o lstrlib.o loadlib.o linit.o
ranlib liblua.a
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX -c -o lua.o lua.c
In file included from lua.h:16,
from lua.c:15:
luaconf.h:275:31: error: readline/readline.h: No such file or directory
luaconf.h:276:30: error: readline/history.h: No such file or directory
lua.c: In function 鈥榩ushline鈥?
lua.c:182: warning: implicit declaration of function 鈥榬eadline鈥?
lua.c:182: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
lua.c: In function 鈥榣oadline鈥?
lua.c:210: warning: implicit declaration of function 鈥榓dd_history鈥?
make[2]: *** [lua.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/software/lua-5.1.4/src'
make[1]: *** [linux] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/software/lua-5.1.4/src'
make: *** [linux] Error 2

解決方案:yum install libtermcap-devel
yum install ncurses-devel
yum install libevent-devel
yum install readline-devel

2、安裝MySQL-proxy時報錯:
checking for LUA... configure: error: Package requirements (lua5.1 >= 5.1) were not met:

No package 'lua5.1' found

Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.

Alternatively, you may set the environment variables LUA_CFLAGS
and LUA_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.
解決辦法:
cp etc/lua.pc /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/lua5.1.pc

3、安裝MySQL-proxy時報錯:
checking for GLIB... configure: error: Package requirements (glib-2.0 >= 2.16.0) were not met:

No package 'glib-2.0' found

Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.

Alternatively, you may set the environment variables GLIB_CFLAGS
and GLIB_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.
解決辦法:
1、查看系統已經安裝glib的rpm包;
glibc-2.5-49.el5_5.4
glibc-headers-2.5-49.el5_5.4
glib2-2.12.3-4.el5_3.1
glibc-common-2.5-49.el5_5.4
glibc-devel-2.5-49.el5_5.4
2、下載安裝glib-2.18.4.tar.gz

4、剛開始使用系統裡rpm所指定的mysq_config時,mysql-proxy安裝報錯,資訊如下;
configure: error: mysql_config not exists or not executable, use $ ./configure --with-mysql=/path/to/mysql_config
看到協助安裝文檔裡要求如下:
--with-mysql[=PATH] Include MySQL support. PATH is the path to 'mysql_config'。
解決辦法就是:安裝包中的第6步。

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