Linux下用Tar方式安裝MySQL方法步驟

1.安裝環境
作業系統：Red Hat Linux Enterprise AS 4.0
資料庫：MySQL 6.0.6
Web伺服器：Apache 2.2.9
指令碼語言：PHP 5.2.6

2.安裝MySQL 6.0.6

# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql mysql
# tar xzvf mysql-6.0.6-alpha.tar.gz
# cd mysql-6.0.6-alpha
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
# make
# make install
# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# chown -R mysql .
# chgrp -R mysql .
# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
# chown -R root .
# chown -R mysql var
# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

詳解如下：

1）建立相應目錄和組：
# mkdir /usr/local/mysql
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql mysql        //useradd -g mysql -d /usr/local/mysql name

2）開始安裝mysql
# tar xzvf mysql-6.0.6-alpha.tar.gz   //解壓縮

# cd mysql-6.0.6-alpha //進入解壓後的檔案目錄

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql \     //設定安裝目錄
--enable-thread-safe-client \                     //編譯安全執行緒版的用戶端庫
--without-debug \                                      //關閉debug功能
--with-extra-charsets=gb2312 \              //添加gb2312中文字元支援
--enable-assembler \                             //使用一些字元函數的彙編版本
--with-raid \                                           //啟用raid支援

# make   //編譯

# make install   //安裝

3）copy設定檔
有large，medium，small三個環境下的，根據機器效能選擇，如果負荷比較大，可修改裡面的一些變數的記憶體使用量值
# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf //複製設定檔

4）更改目錄許可權和組
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# chown -R mysql .
# chgrp -R mysql .

5）建立資料庫和表
# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql   //初始化授權

註：如果報以下錯誤
Installing MySQL system tables...
[ERROR] /usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld: unknown option '--skip-federated'
[ERROR] Aborting
[Note] /usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld: Shutdown complete
只要將/etc/my.cnf檔案中的skip-federated注釋掉即可

6）再次更改目錄許可權和組
# chown -R root .
# chown -R mysql var

7）啟動MySQL服務
# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &        
//啟動MySQL(The & character tells the operating system to run MySQL in the background;
//it is ignored by MySQL itself.
//如果報錯，注意及時查看/usr/local/mysql/var/下的記錄檔)

8）設定MySQL啟動服務
# cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld             //在自動啟動列表裡添加mysqld
# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

9）修改MySQL密碼
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' //修改密碼
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost password 'new-password'
// 將localhost替換成你的主機網域名稱，比如：zhaorg.csu.edu.cn

10）登入mysql資料庫：

# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 18 to server version: 5.0.19-log
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> use mysql;
mysql>delete from user where password="";   //刪除用於本機匿名串連的空密碼帳號
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>quit

    （或者，也可運行如下命令（Alternatively you can run)：
        # /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
        //which will also give you the option of removing the test
        //databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
        //strongly recommended for production servers.）

11）關閉MySQL服務

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p new-password shutdown   //關閉MySQL

3.安裝Apache 2.2.9

# tar zvxf httpd-2.2.9.tar.gz

# cd httpd-2.2.9

# ./configure --enable-modules=all --enable-so     //DSO capability

# make

# make install

啟動Apache服務
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start

關閉Apache服務
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop

重啟Apache服務
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart

設定Apache啟動服務
#cp /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd

更改相應的設定檔
#vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs"     //提供Web服務的文檔的根目錄
<Directory "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs">
//This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to.

4.安裝PHP 5.2.6

# tar xzvf php-5.2.6.tar.gz

# cd php-5.2.6

# ./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/ \
--with-oci8=share,instantclient,/usr/lib/Oracle/10.2.0.3/client/lib //提供對Oracle資料庫的支援

           （註：如果MySQL採用預設安裝路徑－－即未指定--prefix=/usr/local/mysql，則採用如下命令：
            # ./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql
            否則會報類似以下的錯誤：
            configure: error: Cannot find MySQL header files under yes.
            Note that the MySQL client library is not bundled anymore!）

# make

# make install

copy設定檔
# cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini

配置Apache服務的httpd.conf檔案
*在LoadModule處添加 LoadModule php5_module module/libphp5.so
*在DirectoryIndex處添加 index.php
*在AddType application處添加
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml
AddType applicatoin/x-httpd-php-source .phps

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