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為了初始化結構體和類等類型的執行個體屬性。
預設構造器
struct Fahrenheit {var temperature: Doubleinit(){temperature = 32.0} }
var f = Fahrenheit() //調用預設構造器 init() ,沒有參數 沒有傳回值。
println("The default temperature is \(f.temperature)°Fahrenheit")// prints "The default temperature is 32.0° Fahrenheit"
自訂構造器
定義類兩個構造器:init(fromFahrenheit:) 和init(fromKelvin:)
struct Celsius {var temperatureInCelsius: Double = 0.0 init(fromFahrenheit fahrenheit: Double) { temperatureInCelsius = (fahrenheit - 32.0)/ 1.8 } init(fromKelvin kelvin: Double) { temperatureInCelsius = kelvin -273.15 } } let boilingPointOfWater = Celsius(fromFahrenheit:212.0) // boilingPointOfWater.temperatureInCelsius is 100.0 let freezingPointOfWater =Celsius(fromKelvin:273.15) // freezingPointOfWater.temperatureInCelsius is 0.0
析構器(Deinitializer)
析構器與構造器相反,在對象釋放時候調用。 使用關鍵字 deinit,文法如下:
deinit {// perform thedeinitialization}
執行個體:
class Player { var coinsInPurse:Int init(coins: Int) {println("call init")coinsInPurse= coins }func winCoins(coins: Int) {coinsInPurse+= 10}deinit {coinsInPurse = 0}} var playerOne: Player? = Player(coins: 100) println("coinsInPurse : \(playerOne!.coinsInPurse) coins")playerOne = nilprintln("PlayerOne has leftthe game")
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