趣學Python之彈球遊戲第五階段--加個球拍

標籤：python

這一次，我跟著《趣學Python--教孩子學編程》，往程式裡添加了一個可以用鍵盤左右鍵操控的球拍。

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#引入下列模組from tkinter import *                                                #畫圖模組import random                                                        #隨機數模組import time                                                          #時間模組#建立遊戲視窗和畫布tk = Tk()                                                            #用Tk（）類建立一個tk對象，它就是一個基本視窗，可以在其上增加其他東西tk.title("Game")                                                     #給Tk對象視窗加一個標題tk.resizable(0,0)                                                    #tk視窗大小不可調整tk.wm_attributes("-topmost",1)                                       #告訴tkinter把視窗放到最前面canvas = Canvas(tk,width=500,heigh=400,bd=0,highlightthickness=0)    #Canvas是一個畫布類canvas.pack()                                                        #按照上面一行指定的寬度高度參數調整其自身大小tk.update()                                                          #update強制更新螢幕，即重畫#建立ball類class Ball:    def __init__(self,canvas,color):                                 #初始化函數，包含畫布canvas和顏色color參數        self.canvas = canvas                                         #把參數canvas賦值給物件變數canvas        self.id = canvas.create_oval(10,10,25,25,fill=color)         #建立橢圓，左上方和右下角xy座標，返回代表圖形的id        self.canvas.move(self.id,245,100)                            #把橢圓形（球）移動的畫布中心，圖形用id表示        starts = [-3,-2,-1,1,2,3]                                    #給一串x分量的起始值（x和y代表橫座標和縱座標的分量）        random.shuffle(starts)                                       #隨機混排序，賦值給物件變數x，讓它起始的時候獲得隨機分量值，引起球每次起始角度都不同        self.x = starts[0]                                           #物件變數x就是水平分量移動的初始值，等價於左右移動，值代表移動多少像素點        self.y = -3                                                  #物件變數y就是垂直分量移動的初始值，等價於上下移動，值代表移動多少像素點        self.canvas_height = self.canvas.winfo_height()              #擷取畫布的高度，畫布高度是從上到下計量的                      self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()                #擷取畫布的寬度    def draw(self):                                                  #定義小球的畫圖動作        self.canvas.move(self.id,self.x,self.y)                      #按照x和y定義的像素值來移動小球，比如3就是移動3個像素點位置         pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)                            #coords函數通過id返回畫布球的座標列表，pos[x1,y1,x2,y2]，分別代表橢圓左上右下角的xy座標        if pos[1] <= 0:                                              #當球左上方y1座標小於等於0，即碰到畫布頂部            self.y = 3                                               #重新設定物件變數y為3，開始垂直分量向下移動        if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:                             #當球右下角y2座標超過畫布高度（底部）            self.y = -3                                              #重新設定物件變數y為-3，開始垂直分量向上移動        if pos[0] <= 0:                                              #當球左上方x1座標小於等於0，即碰到畫布左邊框            self.x = 3                                               #重新設定物件變數x為3，開始水平分量向右移動        if pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:                              #當球右下角x2座標超過畫布有邊框            self.x = -3                                              #重新設定物件變數x為-3，開始水平分量向左移動#建立Paddle類class Paddle:    def __init__(self,canvas,color):                                 #初始化函數，包含畫布canvas和顏色color參數        self.canvas = canvas                                         #把參數canvas賦值給物件變數canvas        self.id = canvas.create_rectangle(0,0,100,10,fill=color)     #建立長方形，左上方和右下角xy座標，返回代表圖形的id        self.canvas.move(self.id,200,300)                            #把長方形（拍子）移動的初始位置，圖形用id表示        self.x = 0                                                   #設定物件變數x，初始值為0.也就是圖形先不移動        self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()                #擷取畫布的寬度        self.canvas.bind_all(‘<KeyPress-Left>‘,self.turn_left)       #初始化時將事件‘按下左鍵’和函數向左移動綁定        self.canvas.bind_all(‘<KeyPress-Right>‘,self.turn_right)     #初始化時將事件‘按下右鍵’和函數向右移動綁定            def turn_left(self,evt):                                         #定義使拍子向左移動的函數        self.x = -2                                                  #每次向左移動2個像素，在畫布上越來越向左，值越來越小，所以需要負數        def turn_right(self,evt):                                        #定義使拍子向右移動的函數        self.x = 2                                                   #每次向右移動2個像素，在畫布上越來越向右，值越來越大，所以需要正數            def draw(self):                                                  #定義拍子的畫圖動作        self.canvas.move(self.id,self.x,0)                           #和小球配置大致相同，畫圖移動只在水平左右移動，所以y分量設定為0        pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)                            #擷取拍子的左上和右下角座標值        if pos[0] <= 0:                                              #如果左上方水平分量x，即拍子左邊已經到達左邊框            self.x = 0                                               #拍子不像小球一樣需要自動回彈，所以設定水平分量x為0,即讓它停止運動        elif pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:                            #如果右下角水平分量x，即拍子右邊已經到達右邊框            self.x = 0                                               #同樣設定為0，停止運動#畫出小球和拍子ball = Ball(canvas,‘red‘)                                            #用Ball類在畫布上畫一個紅色的球paddle = Paddle(canvas,‘blue‘)                                       #用Paddle類在畫布上畫一個藍色的拍子                                       #主迴圈，讓tkinter不停地重畫螢幕while 1:    ball.draw()                                                      #調用Ball類的作畫函數    paddle.draw()                                                    #調用Paddle類的作畫函數    tk.update_idletasks()                                            #updata_idletasks和updata這兩個命令    tk.update()                                                      #讓tkinter快一點把畫布上的東西畫出來    time.sleep(0.01)                                                 #延時讓動畫效果慢一點

趣學Python之彈球遊戲第五階段--加個球拍