新版本vsphere支援最大單個vmdk超過2T，理論上支援最大62T

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新版本vsphere支援最大單個vmdk超過2T，理論上支援最大62T

In vSphere 5.5, large capacity virtual disks have these conditions and limitations:
An ESXi 5.5 or later host is required.
The maximum supported VMDK size on an VMFS-5 datastore is increased to 62 TB. However, the maximum supported VMDK size on VMFS-3 is still 2 TB.
The maximum supported size of a VMDK on NFS is the lesser of 62 TB and 1% less than the maximum file size supported by the NFS filesystem.

Notes:
The largest file size depends on the underlying file system (for example, 16 TB on ext3).
A maximum of of 62 TB is enforced, even if the underlying NFS filesystem supports a greater size.

The maximum supported size of a virtual mode Raw Device Mapping (vRDM) has also been increased from2 TB to 62 TB.
A VMDK larger than 2 TB can be created on a virtual machine that is powered on or off, but extending a VMDK beyond 2 TB is only supported when the virtual machine is powered off.
You must use the vSphere Web Client to create or extend a VMDK beyond 2 TB. For more information, see the Troubleshooting section of this article.
中文大意：

在 vSphere 5.5 中，大容量虛擬磁碟具有以下條件和限制：
需要 ESXi 5.5 或更高版本的主機。
VMFS-5 資料存放區中支援的最大 VMDK 大小增加到 62 TB。但是，在 VMFS-3 中支援的最大 VMDK 大小仍為 2 TB。
NFS 中支援的最大 VMDK 大小低於 62 TB 並且比 NFS 檔案系統支援的最大檔案大小小 1%。

注意：
最大檔案大小取決於基本檔案系統（例如，在 ext3 上為 16 TB）。
最大大小強製為 62 TB，即使基礎 NFS 檔案系統支援更大的尺寸。

音效模擬模式裸裝置映射 (vRDM) 支援的最大大小已從 2 TB 增加至 62 TB。
可以在開啟或關閉電源的虛擬機器中建立大於 2 TB 的 VMDK，但在關閉虛擬機器電源時僅支援擴充（不是建立）超過 2 TB 的 VMDK。
必須使用 vSphere Web Client 建立或擴充超過 2 TB 的 VMDK。有關詳細資料，請參見本文的“故障排除”部分。


Virtual machines with large capacity disks have these conditions and limitations:
The guest operating system must support large capacity virtual hard disks.
You can only move or clone disks that are greater than 2 TB to ESXi 5.5 hosts, or to clusters that have such hosts available. 
The datastore format must be VMFS-5 or later, or an NFS volume on a Network Attached Storage (NAS) server.
vSphere Flash Read Cache supports a maximum hard disk size of 16 TB.
VMFS-3 volumes are not supported. You cannot move disks greater than 2 TB from a VMFS-5 datastore to a VMFS-3 datastore.
You cannot hot-extend a virtual disk if the capacity after extending the disk is equal to or greater than 2 TB. Only offline extension of GPT-partitioned disks beyond 2 TB is possible.
Fault Tolerance is not supported.
Virtual SAN is not supported.
BusLogic parallel controllers are not supported.
Virtual machines with large capacity virtual hard disks or disks greater than 2 TB must meet resource and configuration requirements for optimal virtual machine performance. The maximum value for large capacity hard disks is 62 TB. When you add or configure virtual disks, always leave a small amount of overhead. Some virtual machine tasks can quickly consume large amounts of disk space, which can prevent successful completion of the task if the maximum disk space is assigned to the disk. Such events might include taking snapshots or using linked clones. These operations cannot finish when the maximum amount of disk space is allocated.
In environments without shared storage, operations such as snapshot quiesce, cloning, Storage vMotion, or vMotion can take significantly longer to finish.
You cannot relocate RDMs larger than 2 TB to datastores other than VMFS-5 or, to hosts older than ESXi 5.5.
To enable the Microsoft Windows operating system to address a maximum storage capacity for a device greater than 2 TB, the disk must be initialized by using the GUID partition Table (GPT) partitioning scheme. For more information, see Windows support for hard disks that are larger than 2 TB.
中文大意:

具有大容量磁碟的虛擬機器會有以下條件和限制：
客戶機作業系統必須支援大容量虛擬硬碟。
您只能將大於 2 TB 的磁碟移動或複製到 ESXi 5.5 主機，或具有此類可用主機的群集。
資料存放區格式必須是 VMFS-5 或更高版本，或網路附加儲存 (NAS) 伺服器上的 NFS 卷。
vSphere Flash Read Cache 支援的最大硬碟大小為 16 TB。
不支援 VMFS-3 卷。無法將大於 2 TB 的磁碟從 VMFS-5 資料存放區移動到 VMFS-3 資料存放區。
如果擴充磁碟後的容量等於或大於 2 TB，則無法熱擴充虛擬磁碟。僅支援超過 2 TB 的 GPT 分區磁碟的離線擴充。
不支援 Fault Tolerance。
不支援 Virtual SAN。
不支援 BusLogic 並行控制器。
具有大容量虛擬硬碟或大於 2 TB 磁碟的虛擬機器必須滿足最佳虛擬機器效能的資源和配置要求。大容量硬碟的最大值為 62 TB。添加或配置虛擬磁碟時，始終保留少量開銷。某些虛擬機器任務會很快地消耗大量磁碟空間，因此，如果向該磁碟分配了最大磁碟空間，則會妨礙任務的成功完成。此類事件可能包括產生快照或使用連結複製。如果分配了最大磁碟空間，這些操作將無法完成。
在無共用預存環境中，某些操作（如快照靜默、複製、Storage vMotion 或 vMotion）可能需要較長時間才能完成。
不能將大於 2 TB 的 RDM 重定位到除 VMFS-5 以外的資料存放區，或低於 ESXi 5.5 版本的主機。
要支援 Microsoft Windows 作業系統解決最大儲存容量超過 2 TB 的裝置，則必須使用 GUID 磁碟分割表格 (GPT) 資料分割配置初始化該磁碟。有關詳細資料，請參見 Windows support for hard disks that are larger than 2 TB。



Note: The preceeding link was correct as of June 13, 2014. If you find the link is broken, please provide feedback and a VMware employee will update the link.
Changes in virtual machine snapshots for VMDKs larger than 2 TB:
Snapshots taken on VMDKs larger than 2 TB are now in Space Efficient Virtual Disk (SESPARSE) format. No user interaction is required. The redo logs will be automatically created as SESPARSE instead of VMFSSPARSE (delta) when the base flat VMDK is larger than 2 TB.
Extending a base flat disk on VMFSSPARSE or SESPARSE is not supported.
The VMFSSPARSE format does not have the ability to support 2 TB or more.
VMFSSPARSE and SESPARSE formats cannot co-exist in the same VMDK. In a virtual machine, both types of snapshot can co-exist, but not in the same disk chain. For example, when a snapshot is taken for a virtual machine with two virtual disks attached, one smaller than 2 TB and one larger than 2 TB, the smaller disk snapshot will be VMFSSPARSE the larger disk snapshot will be SESPARSE.
Linked clones will be SESPARSE if the parent disk is larger than 2 TB.

大於 2 TB 的 VMDK 的虛擬機器快照中的更改：
在大於 2 TB 的 VMDK 上產生的快照目前採用節省空間的虛擬磁碟 (SESPARSE) 格式。無需進行任何使用者互動。如果基本平面 VMDK 大於 2 TB，則重做日誌將自動以 SESPARSE 格式建立，而不是 VMFSSPARSE（增量）。
不支援採用 VMFSSPARSE 或 SESPARSE 格式擴充基本平面磁碟。
VMFSSPARSE 格式不支援 2 TB 或更多空間。
VMFSSPARSE 和 SESPARSE 格式不能共存在同一個 VMDK 中。在虛擬機器中，快照的兩種類型可以共存，但不可以在同一個磁碟鏈中。例如，如果對已串連兩個虛擬磁碟的虛擬機器產生快照，一個磁碟小於 2 TB，另一個磁碟大於 2 TB，則較小的磁碟快照將為 VMFSSPARSE，較大的磁碟快照將為 SESPARSE。
如果父磁碟大於 2 TB，則連結複製將為 SESPARSE。


Troubleshooting
When you attempt to extend a VMDK beyond 2 TB on a powered on virtual machine, you see this error in the client:

Hot-extend was invoked with size (*** sectors) > =2TB. Hot-extend beyond or equal to 2TB is notsupported. This disk extend operation failed: msg.disklib.INVAL

To resolve this issue:

Power off the virtual machine and retry the extend operation.
Detach the VMDK from the original virtual machine and attach to any other powered off virtual machine and then increase the size to the desired size. Detach the VMDK from the temporary powered off vm and attach back to the original Virtual machine

When you attempt to create a large virtual disk on a VMFS-3 datastore or on NFS using ext3, you see this error in the vSphere Client or when using vmkfstools:

Failed to create virtual disk: The destination file system does not support large files (12).

When you attempt to create a large VMDK using the vSphere Client, you see the error:

The disk capacity entered was not a properly formed number or was out of range. It has been replaced with the nearest acceptable value
DiskCapControl : value 6924239004288 is out of range (1048576,4398046511104)

Checking the size of the newly created or expanded VMDK, you find that it is 4 TB.

那麼問題來了

如果嘗試在已開啟電源的虛擬機器上擴充超過 2 TB 的 VMDK，則會在用戶端看到以下錯誤：

已調用大小大於等於 2TB（*** 個扇區）的熱擴充。不支援大於或等於 2TB 的熱擴充。此磁碟擴充操作失敗：msg.disklib.INVAL (Hot-extend was invoked with size (*** sectors) > =2TB. Hot-extend beyond or equal to 2TB is not supported. This disk extend operation failed: msg.disklib.INVAL)

要解決此問題，請執行以下操作：
關閉虛擬機器電源並重試擴充操作。
將 VMDK 與原始虛擬機器分離，並串連到任何其他已關閉電源的虛擬機器，然後將大小增加到所需大小。將 VMDK 與臨時關閉電源的虛擬機器分離，然後重新串連到原始虛擬機器

嘗試在 VMFS-3 資料存放區或使用 ext3 的 NFS 上建立大虛擬磁碟時，您會在 vSphere Client 中或使用 vmkfstools 時看到以下錯誤：

無法建立虛擬磁碟：目標檔案系統不支援大檔案 (12) (Failed to create virtual disk: The destination file system does not support large files (12).)。

嘗試使用 vSphere Client 建立大 VMDK 時，您會看到以下錯誤：

輸入的磁碟容量數值格式不正確或超出範圍。該值已替換為最接近的可接受值
DiskCapControl：值 6924239004288 已超出範圍（1048576 至 4398046511104） (The disk capacity entered was not a properly formed number or was out of range. It has been replaced with the nearest acceptable value DiskCapControl : value 6924239004288 is out of range (1048576,4398046511104))

檢查最新建立或已擴充 VMDK 的大小，您會發現該大小為 4 TB。

新版本vsphere支援最大單個vmdk超過2T，理論上支援最大62T