mysql二進位非root使用者安裝後啟動mysqld的路徑不對的問題

一、非root使用者安裝二進位mysql分發版

建立使用者 

 >useradd fc

>passwd fc

enter password:

...

以fc登入，上傳二進位mysql版本，我的是mysql 32位的mysql-5.1.57-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz

解壓後，建立許可權表

]$ scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/home/fc/app/mysql  --datadir=/home/fc/app/mysql/data/3307 --user=fc 

  (注意：後面的參數一定要指定 ，另外最好是 scripts/mysql_install_db 這樣一起運行，官方文檔也是這樣，免得出錯，後面就有這個原因導致啟動出錯的)

許可權表也初始化完了，然後就是指定設定檔my.cnf  我放在$HOME目錄下：

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.## This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with# other programs (such as a web server)## MySQL programs look for option files in a set of# locations which depend on the deployment platform.# You can copy this option file to one of those# locations. For information about these locations, see:# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html## In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program# with the "--help" option.# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients[client]#password= your_passwordport= 3307socket= /home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.sock# Here follows entries for some specific programs# The MySQL server[mysqld]character-set-server = utf8port= 3307socket= /home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.sockskip-external-lockingbasedir = /home/fc/app/mysqldatadir = /home/fc/app/mysql/data/3307/log-error = /home/fc/log/3307/mysqld.errpid-file = /home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.pidkey_buffer_size = 16Mmax_allowed_packet = 1Mtable_open_cache = 64sort_buffer_size = 512Knet_buffer_length = 8Kread_buffer_size = 256Kread_rnd_buffer_size = 512Kmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 8Mmax_connections=200slow_query_log = 1                                     #{0|1  off|on}slow_query_log_file = /home/fc/log/3307/mysql-slow.loglong_query_time=1#不經常更新的表查詢，緩衝查詢query_cache_type = 1query_cache_size = 10Mgeneral_log = 0general_log_file = /home/fc/log/3307/mysql.logquery_cache_size = 8M#skip-networkingskip-name-resolveskip-innodb-checksums # Replication Master Server (default)# binary logging is required for replicationlog-bin=/home/fc/log/3307/mysql-bin# binary logging format - mixed recommendedbinlog_format=mixedbinlog_cache_size = 1Mmax_binlog_cache_size = 4096Mexpire-logs-days = 8sync_binlog=20# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tablesinnodb_data_home_dir = /home/fc/data/3307/innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_log_group_home_dir = /home/fc/data/3307/innodb_buffer_pool_size = 800Msort_buffer_size = 5Mtmp_table_size = 64Minnodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 32Minnodb_autoextend_increment = 64  # 預設單位為 MBinnodb_thread_concurrency = 8innodb_log_file_size = 200Minnodb_log_buffer_size = 8Mdefault-storage-engine=innodbinnodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size#innodb_log_file_size = 5M#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 16M[mysqld_safe]log-error=/home/fc/app/mysql/log/3307/mysqld.logpid-file=/home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.pid[mysql]no-auto-rehashport            = 3307socket          = /home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.sock# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL#safe-updates[myisamchk]key_buffer_size = 20Msort_buffer_size = 20Mread_buffer = 2Mwrite_buffer = 2M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout

好了，一切都準備好了，可以啟動了

二、啟動mysqld進程

進入basedir目錄fc/app/mysql

mysql]$ cd bin

bin]$ mysqld_safe --defaults-file=~/my.cnf &

啟動成功了，查看進程

ps -ef | grep mysqld 發現問題了

fc    7780  7582 24 16:42 pts/10   00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=~/my.cnf --basedir=/home/fc/app/mysql --datadir=/home/fc/app/mysql/data/3307/ --log-error=/home/fc/app/mysql/log/3307/mysqld.log --pid-file=/home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.pid --socket=/home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.sock --port=3307

發現沒有，雖然進入的fc/app/mysql/bin目錄下啟動的mysqld程式，但是尋找進程時候卻是啟動並執行/usr/lcoal/mysql下的mysqld，這是為什麼呢？

尋找了很久的參數，都發現沒有配置錯誤，始終不得其解，如是換了種啟動方式：

進入base目錄fc/app/mysql

mysql]$ bin/msyqld_safe --defaults-file=~/my.cnf &

這樣啟動後再尋找mysqld進程，一切就正常了，這是為什麼呢？

我自己想的原因可能是：

mysqld_safe本身就是mysqld的守護進程，它本身也是一個shell指令碼，在指令碼中，預設的basedir就是：usr/local/mysql，我們在啟動mysqld的時候如果進入了bin目錄，則在這個守護進程中是找不到該目錄的，如是就去自動匹配/usr/local/mysql/這個目錄，剛好我也在這個目錄之前裝過mysql，於是系統就自動匹配了這個mysqld程式，運行起來了。

我們查看下mysqld_safe的一段shell代碼：

MY_PWD=`pwd`# Check for the directories we would expect from a binary release installif test -n "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION" -a -d "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION"then  # BASEDIR is already overridden on command line.  Do not re-set.   # Use BASEDIR to discover le.  if test -x "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/libexec/mysqld"  then    ledir="$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/libexec"  elif test -x "$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/sbin/mysqld"  then    ledir="$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/sbin"  else    ledir="$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/bin"  fielif test -f "$relpkgdata"/english/errmsg.sys -a -x "$MY_PWD/bin/mysqld"then  MY_BASEDIR_VERSION="$MY_PWD"          # Where bin, share and data are  ledir="$MY_PWD/bin"                   # Where mysqld is# Check for the directories we would expect from a source installelif test -f "$relpkgdata"/english/errmsg.sys -a -x "$MY_PWD/libexec/mysqld"then  MY_BASEDIR_VERSION="$MY_PWD"          # Where libexec, share and var are  ledir="$MY_PWD/libexec"               # Where mysqld iselif test -f "$relpkgdata"/english/errmsg.sys -a -x "$MY_PWD/sbin/mysqld"then  MY_BASEDIR_VERSION="$MY_PWD"          # Where sbin, share and var are  ledir="$MY_PWD/sbin"                  # Where mysqld is# Since we didn't find anything, used the compiled-in defaultselse  MY_BASEDIR_VERSION='/usr/local/mysql'  ledir='/usr/local/mysql/bin'fi

如果我們進入了bin目錄：
ledir 跑到 else
MY_BASEDIR_VERSION='/usr/local/mysql'
ledir='/usr/local/mysql/bin'
正常的情況下應該是："$MY_PWD/bin/mysqld" 
問題是沒有cd到 mysql basedir 的情況下，mysql會從/usr/loca/mysql/bin/mysqld啟動

PS：附串連的問題

由於我們啟動是按照socket啟動的，所以我們在串連時候如果使用的是localhost或者預設的狀態去串連mysql，則我們串連必須使用指定的socket全路徑去串連。不然系統會預設的去尋找/tmp/mysql.socket這個，找不到則報錯；
當然我們還可以使用-h 127.0.0.1 的方式來串連，這樣就不需要指定 -S socket路徑了；

mysql串連的方式有2種，一種是通過socket，一種是通過tcp/ip串連