python中os.system()的傳回值

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最近遇到os.system()執行系統命令的情況,上網搜集了一下資料,整理如下,以備不時之需,同時也希望能幫到某些人。

一、python中的 os.system(cmd)的傳回值與linux命令傳回值(具體參見本文附加內容)的關係

大家都習慣用os.systemv()函數執行linux命令,該函數的傳回值十進位數(分別對應一個16位的位元)。該函數的傳回值與 linux命令傳回值兩者的轉換關係為:該函數的傳回值(十進位)轉化成16位元,截取其高八位(如果低位元是0的情況下,有關作業系統的錯誤碼共 131個,所以低位都是零),然後轉乘十進位數即為 linux命令傳回值0。

例如:

os.system()傳回值為0                      linux命令傳回值也為0.

os.system()傳回值為256,十六位位元示為:00000001,00000000,高八位轉乘十進位為 1           對應   linux命令傳回值 1

os.system()傳回值為512,十六位位元示為:00000010,00000000,高八位轉乘十進位為 2           對應   linux命令傳回值 2

......其它同理

os.system()傳回值為32512,十六位位元示為:01111111,00000000,高八位轉乘十進位為 127          對應   linux命令傳回值 127

........

/**********************************************************************************************************************/

問題:/bin/xxx.py是一個返回碼為1的程式。當python 程式使用os.system(”./bin/xxx.py”) 這樣調用的時候, 成功運行後os.system 的傳回值出現了問題,變成了256 ,也就是0×100。而不是正常應該返回的1。


解決:查閱了文檔發現os.system()的返回為:
On Unix, the return value is the exit status of the process encoded in the format specified for wait().
而os.wait()的返回為:
a 16-bit number, whose low byte is the signal number that killed the process, and whose high byte is the exit status (if the signal number
is zero);
os.system的傳回值並不是執行程式的返回結果。而是一個16位的數,它的高位才是返回碼。也就是說os.system()返回256即 0×0100,返回碼應該是其高位0×01即1。所以要擷取程式運行退出的值(比如C的main函數中的return 0),需要處理一下。

ret = os.system(‘./a.out‘)

ret >>= 8

這樣才能擷取到正確的傳回值。另外還要注意:python擷取到的值是不帶正負號的整數,所以返回負值的時候,列印出來是很大的正值。比如返回-1,python 會擷取到255,-2則254,以此類推。所以最好就判斷是否為0就可以了,實在要判斷自己寫的c程式傳回值,建議返回0,1,2,3等值,出錯返回 -1。

另外,我遇到一次明明處理好了傳回值,c程式調試資訊提示也該傳回值0了,結果python擷取到的是 -1,而且無論c程式返回多少,python都擷取-1。後來排查c程式的問題,發現原來是因為我這個python程式本身是由另一個C程式調用的,而調 用它的那個C程式中將SIGCLD訊號忽略了(這表明python是根據子進程退出時產生的訊號來擷取傳回值的),我將那個C程式的SIGCLD綁定到函 數,即使那個函數什麼也不做,python也能擷取到正確的傳回值了。

/**********************************************************************************************************************/

linux命令執行後無論成功與否都有一個傳回值:

如果為 0,則表示命令執行成功,其它值則表示錯誤,具體的錯誤碼含義如下:

 "OS error code   1:  Operation not permitted"
 "OS error code   2:  No such file or directory"
 "OS error code   3:  No such process"
 "OS error code   4:  Interrupted system call"
 "OS error code   5:  Input/output error"
 "OS error code   6:  No such device or address"
 "OS error code   7:  Argument list too long"
 "OS error code   8:  Exec format error"
 "OS error code   9:  Bad file descriptor"
 "OS error code  10:  No child processes"
 "OS error code  11:  Resource temporarily unavailable"
 "OS error code  12:  Cannot allocate memory"
 "OS error code  13:  Permission denied"
 "OS error code  14:  Bad address"
 "OS error code  15:  Block device required"
 "OS error code  16:  Device or resource busy"
 "OS error code  17:  File exists"
 "OS error code  18:  Invalid cross-device link"
 "OS error code  19:  No such device"
 "OS error code  20:  Not a directory"
 "OS error code  21:  Is a directory"
 "OS error code  22:  Invalid argument"
 "OS error code  23:  Too many open files in system"
 "OS error code  24:  Too many open files"
 "OS error code  25:  Inappropriate ioctl for device"
 "OS error code  26:  Text file busy"
 "OS error code  27:  File too large"
 "OS error code  28:  No space left on device"
 "OS error code  29:  Illegal seek"
 "OS error code  30:  Read-only file system"
 "OS error code  31:  Too many links"
 "OS error code  32:  Broken pipe"
 "OS error code  33:  Numerical argument out of domain"
 "OS error code  34:  Numerical result out of range"
 "OS error code  35:  Resource deadlock avoided"
 "OS error code  36:  File name too long"
 "OS error code  37:  No locks available"
 "OS error code  38:  Function not implemented"
 "OS error code  39:  Directory not empty"
 "OS error code  40:  Too many levels of symbolic links"
 "OS error code  42:  No message of desired type"
 "OS error code  43:  Identifier removed"
 "OS error code  44:  Channel number out of range"
 "OS error code  45:  Level 2 not synchronized"
 "OS error code  46:  Level 3 halted"
 "OS error code  47:  Level 3 reset"
 "OS error code  48:  Link number out of range"
 "OS error code  49:  Protocol driver not attached"
 "OS error code  50:  No CSI structure available"
 "OS error code  51:  Level 2 halted"
 "OS error code  52:  Invalid exchange"
 "OS error code  53:  Invalid request descriptor"
 "OS error code  54:  Exchange full"
 "OS error code  55:  No anode"
 "OS error code  56:  Invalid request code"
 "OS error code  57:  Invalid slot"
 "OS error code  59:  Bad font file format"
 "OS error code  60:  Device not a stream"
 "OS error code  61:  No data available"
 "OS error code  62:  Timer expired"
 "OS error code  63:  Out of streams resources"
 "OS error code  64:  Machine is not on the network"
 "OS error code  65:  Package not installed"
 "OS error code  66:  Object is remote"
 "OS error code  67:  Link has been severed"
 "OS error code  68:  Advertise error"
 "OS error code  69:  Srmount error"
 "OS error code  70:  Communication error on send"
 "OS error code  71:  Protocol error"
 "OS error code  72:  Multihop attempted"
 "OS error code  73:  RFS specific error"
 "OS error code  74:  Bad message"
 "OS error code  75:  Value too large for defined data type"
 "OS error code  76:  Name not unique on network"
 "OS error code  77:  File descriptor in bad state"
 "OS error code  78:  Remote address changed"
 "OS error code  79:  Can not access a needed shared library"
 "OS error code  80:  Accessing a corrupted shared library"
 "OS error code  81:  .lib section in a.out corrupted"
 "OS error code  82:  Attempting to link in too many shared libraries"
 "OS error code  83:  Cannot exec a shared library directly"
 "OS error code  84:  Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character"
 "OS error code  85:  Interrupted system call should be restarted"
 "OS error code  86:  Streams pipe error"
 "OS error code  87:  Too many users"
 "OS error code  88:  Socket operation on non-socket"
 "OS error code  89:  Destination address required"
 "OS error code  90:  Message too long"
 "OS error code  91:  Protocol wrong type for socket"
 "OS error code  92:  Protocol not available"
 "OS error code  93:  Protocol not supported"
 "OS error code  94:  Socket type not supported"
 "OS error code  95:  Operation not supported"
 "OS error code  96:  Protocol family not supported"
 "OS error code  97:  Address family not supported by protocol"
 "OS error code  98:  Address already in use"
 "OS error code  99:  Cannot assign requested address"
 "OS error code 100:  Network is down"
 "OS error code 101:  Network is unreachable"
 "OS error code 102:  Network dropped connection on reset"
 "OS error code 103:  Software caused connection abort"
 "OS error code 104:  Connection reset by peer"
 "OS error code 105:  No buffer space available"
 "OS error code 106:  Transport endpoint is already connected"
 "OS error code 107:  Transport endpoint is not connected"
 "OS error code 108:  Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown"
 "OS error code 109:  Too many references: cannot splice"
 "OS error code 110:  Connection timed out"
 "OS error code 111:  Connection refused"
 "OS error code 112:  Host is down"
 "OS error code 113:  No route to host"
 "OS error code 114:  Operation already in progress"
 "OS error code 115:  Operation now in progress"
 "OS error code 116:  Stale NFS file handle"
 "OS error code 117:  Structure needs cleaning"
 "OS error code 118:  Not a XENIX named type file"
 "OS error code 119:  No XENIX semaphores available"
 "OS error code 120:  Is a named type file"
 "OS error code 121:  Remote I/O error"
 "OS error code 122:  Disk quota exceeded"
 "OS error code 123:  No medium found"
 "OS error code 124:  Wrong medium type"
 "OS error code 125:  Operation canceled"
 "OS error code 126:  Required key not available"
 "OS error code 127:  Key has expired"
 "OS error code 128:  Key has been revoked"
 "OS error code 129:  Key was rejected by service"
 "OS error code 130:  Owner died"
 "OS error code 131:  State not recoverable"


python中os.system()的傳回值

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