ubuntu 網路地址配置總結

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http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2010-03/24820p3.htm

# 根據網上資料整理

  # 方式1和方式4已驗證

  # anything the matter, please contact: asksamuel@sina.com

  目錄

  方式1:網卡通過DHCP自動擷取IP地址

  方式2:網卡靜態分配IP地址

  方式3:PPPoE寬頻撥號配置

  方式4:通過無線區域網路接入互連網

  方式1:網卡通過DHCP自動擷取IP地址

  $ sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

  # 修改檔案/etc/network/interfaces如下文

  #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system

  # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

  #

  # The loopback network interface(配置環回口)

  auto lo                                       # 開機自動激lo介面

  iface lo inet loopback                        # 配置lo介面為環回口

  # The primary network interface (配置主網路介面)

  auto eth0                                     #開機自動啟用eth0介面

  iface eth0 inet dhcp                          #配置eth0介面為DHCP自動擷取

  #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  $ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart           # 重啟網路

  方式2:網卡靜態分配IP地址

  $ sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

  # 修改檔案/etc/network/interfaces如下文

  #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system

  # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

  #

  # The loopback network interface(配置環回口)

  auto lo                                       # 開機自動激lo介面

  iface lo inet loopback                        # 配置lo介面為環回口

  # The primary network interface (配置主網路介面)

  auto eth0                                     #開機自動啟用eth0介面

  iface eth0 inet static                        #配置eth0介面為靜態設定IP地址

  address 10.16.3.99

  netmask 255.255.255.0

  network 10.16.3.0

  broadcast 10.16.3.255

  gateway 10.16.3.1

  ####################################################

  ## dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed(DNS設定)

  #dns-nameservers 61.153.177.196 61.153.177.197

  #dns-search fireteam.org

  ####################################################

  #sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf

  ##設定DNS server(可以設定多個)

  #nameserver 192.168.1.1

  ####################################################

  #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  $ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart    # 重啟網路

  方式3:PPPoE寬頻撥號配置

  首次撥號:

  應用程式–系統工具–終端  開啟一終端,輸入命令:

  sudo pppoeconf

  系統開始搜尋所有網路介面上的adsl modem,一步步的yes過來。

  │ Please enter the username which you usually need for │

  │ the PPP login to your provider in the input box below. │

  │ If you wish to see the help screen, delete the │

  │ username and press OK. │

  輸入你的寬頻帳號。

  輸入密碼。

  tip:如果是河南網通提供的PPPoE寬頻帳號,此處輸入的是加密後的使用者名稱

  Would you like to add these addresses automatically to the list of nameservers

  in your local /etc/resolv.conf file? (recommended)

  是否自動獲得DNS,選擇是。

  Should pppoe clamp MSS at 1452 bytes? If unsure, say yes.

  資料包長度的設定,如果跟我一樣不確定,選擇是

  Your PPPD is configured now. Would you like to start the connection at

  boot time?

  是否啟動時自動啟用ADSL? 各位看著辦吧。

以後,要手工撥號,開啟終端,輸入命令:

  sudo pon dsl-provider

  一般情況下,一次撥通後以後登陸Ubuntu
都會自動撥通上網的了,不用每次都輸入命令撥號。

  手工斷線:

  sudo poff

  查看串連情況:

  plog 和 ifconfig ppp0

  ifconfig ppp0 可查詢原生上網IP。

  方式4:通過無線區域網路接入互連網

  要求安裝有無線區域網路卡並已驅動

  1.插入無線網卡

  查看一下網路設定,看看是否多出來了兩個裝置

  $ ifconfig

  eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:24:7e:14:a9:a8

  inet6 addr: fe80::224:7eff:fe14:a9a8/64 Scope:Link

  UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

  RX packets:11998024 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

  TX packets:13667166 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

  collisions:0 txqueuelen:100

  RX bytes:1069420740 (1.0 GB)  TX bytes:3776606487 (3.7 GB)

  Memory:fc200000-fc220000

  eth0:avahi Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:24:7e:14:a9:a8

  inet addr:169.254.7.73  Bcast:169.254.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0

  UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

  Memory:fc200000-fc220000

  lo        Link encap:Local Loopback

  inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0

  inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

  UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1

  RX packets:66657 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

  TX packets:66657 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

  collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

  RX bytes:6372151 (6.3 MB)  TX bytes:6372151 (6.3 MB)

  ppp0      Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol

  inet addr:123.10.130.147  P-t-P:123.10.128.1  Mask:255.255.255.255

  UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1492  Metric:1

  RX packets:149828 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

  TX packets:122796 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

  collisions:0 txqueuelen:3

  RX bytes:150170347 (150.1 MB)  TX bytes:16349467 (16.3 MB)

  wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:22:fa:94:48:56

  UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

  RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

  TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

  collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

  RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

  wmaster0  Link encap:UNSPEC  HWaddr 00-22-FA-94-48-56-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-

  00-00

  UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

  RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

  TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

  collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

  RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

  只要看見eth0就說明網卡裝置設別出來了,eth0就是無線網卡裝置的名字了,至於其他,暫不研究。

  2.確認無線網卡的型號

  $ lspci

  ......

  00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82567LM Gigabit Network

  Connection (rev 03)

  ......

  上面的Intel Corporation 82567LM Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)就是無線網卡晶片

  的型號了。

3.開啟無線網卡電源

  $ sudo iwconfig eth0 txpower on

  4.檢索地區內的無線網路

  $ iwlist eth0 scan

  eth0      Scan completed :

  Cell 01 - Address: 00:1D:0F:4D:8B:E4

  ESSID:"TP-LINK"

  Mode:Master

  Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)

  Quality=28/70  Signal level=-67 dBm  Noise level=-95 dBm

  Encryption key:off

  Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s

  12 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s

  48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s

  Extra:bcn_int=100

  Extra:ath_ie=dd0900037f01010008ff7f

  Cell 02 - Address: 00:21:27:3A:37:0A

  ESSID:"TP-LINK"

  Mode:Master

  Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)

  Quality=12/70  Signal level=-83 dBm  Noise level=-95 dBm

  Encryption key:on

  Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s

  12 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s

  48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s

  Extra:bcn_int=100

  Extra:ath_ie=dd0900037f01010008ff7f

  Cell 03 - Address: 00:18:39:A6:98:E2

  ESSID:"linksys"

  Mode:Master

  Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)

  Quality=3/70  Signal level=-92 dBm  Noise level=-95 dBm

  Encryption key:on

  Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s

  9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s

  48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s

  Extra:bcn_int=100

  IE: WPA Version 1

  Group Cipher : CCMP

  Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP

  Authentication Suites (1) : PSK

  我附近有三個無線AP,ESSID所標記的就是無線AP的名字了,其中有兩個無線AP都叫做 TP-LINK,另一個叫

  linksys,記下這幾個無線AP的名字,一會得挨個試。

  5.串連無線AP

  $ sudo iwconfig ath0 essid "linksys"

  $ ifconfig

  不管連上還是連不上都不會給出任何提示,到底連沒連上還需要使用命令查看一下才行

  $ iwconfig eth0

  eth0      IEEE 802.11g  ESSID:"linksys"  Nickname:""

  Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.462 GHz  Access Point: Not-Associated

  Bit Rate:0 kb/s   Tx-Power:18 dBm   Sensitivity=1/1

  Retry:off   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off

  Power Management:off

  Link Quality=0/70  Signal level=-95 dBm  Noise level=-95 dBm

  Rx invalid nwid:8172  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0

  Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:0   Missed beacon:0

  上面的黑體字的部分說明沒有串連成功,沒關係再換一個就是了。

  $ sudo iwconfig eth0 essid "TP-LINK"

  $ ifconfig

  執行後再查看一下接入狀態

  $ iwconfig eth0

  eth0      IEEE 802.11g  ESSID:"TP-LINK"  Nickname:""

  Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.437 GHz  Access Point: 00:1D:0F:4D:8B:E4

  Bit Rate:36 Mb/s   Tx-Power:18 dBm   Sensitivity=1/1

  Retry:off   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off

  Power Management:off

  Link Quality=26/70  Signal level=-69 dBm  Noise level=-95 dBm

  Rx invalid nwid:8268  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0

  Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:0   Missed beacon:0

  ok,總算是連上了。

  注意:如果串連AP要求輸入密碼,而你確實也知道AP的密碼,那麼可以用下面的辦法串連

  假設密碼是 123456789,密碼需要四位一組用”-“分開。

  $ sudo iwconfig ath0 essid "TP-LINK" key 1234-5678-9

  6.啟用無線網卡

  $ sudo ifconfig ath0 up

  7.設定無線網卡採用dhcp方式自動擷取ip

  $ sudo dhclient ath0

  Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.0.6

  Copyright 2004-2007 Internet Systems Consortium.

  All rights reserved.

  For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/

  wifi0: unknown hardware address type 801

  wifi0: unknown hardware address type 801

  Listening on LPF/ath0/00:19:e0:85:73:70

  Sending on   LPF/ath0/00:19:e0:85:73:70

  Sending on   Socket/fallback

  DHCPDISCOVER on ath0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 6

  DHCPOFFER of 192.168.1.104 from 192.168.1.1

  DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.1.104 on ath0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67

  DHCPACK of 192.168.1.104 from 192.168.1.1

  bound to 192.168.1.104 -- renewal in 3125 seconds.

  現在就可以拔掉網線,使用無線網卡上網了。

  8.斷開網路

  如果需要斷開網路,可以使用下面的命令

  $ sudo ifconfig ath0 down

 

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