瞭解raw trace檔案的各項內容
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今天瀏覽metalink,看到這篇Interpreting Raw SQL_TRACE,比較老的一篇文章了,但是確實很有用,所以決定大略翻譯一下吧。
我們知道有幾種方法可以得到一個SQL語句執行時背景trace檔案,一個是用SQL_TRACE,一個是用DBMS_SUPPORT包或者DBMS_SYSTEM包,還有一種就是直接使用10046 event。
使用10046 event的方法大致如下:
alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever, level 12';<BR>
your sql statement...
alter session set events '10046 trace name context off';
其中的level有1,4,8,12幾個選項,其中1相當於設定SQL_TRACE=TRUE之後的結果,4包括1的結果和綁定變數的實際值,8包括1的結果和等待事件的情況,12則同時包含1的結果,綁定變數的實際值和等待事件情況,所以可以說level 12是最為詳細的trace了。
同時我們也知道,對於trace結果,oracle提供了tkprof公用程式用來格式化trace檔案,提供一份更容易讀懂的trace結果。
那麼為什麼還要直接讀取trace檔案呢?最重要的是tkprof的結果是不包含綁定變數值的,同時也不包括真正的SQL執行順序,而trace檔案中我們則可以看到按照時間排列的parse,binds,executes,fetch等等,這在某西場合下是很有用處的。還有就是,如果你能夠直接讀取這些讓人看得眼暈的trace,是不是會有一種很爽,很大師的感覺:-)
當然如果我們要根據一些標準(比如CPU時間長度,磁碟讀取量等)進行trace中的SQL排序,那麼tkprof是我們唯一的選擇,可以參看coolyl的Tkprof工具介紹和分析。
下面是metalink中的這篇文章的大體翻譯,大部分名詞用英文反而更好,就不強加翻譯了,相信大家都看得懂。當然也是比較懶的原因:-)
文本總結了trace結果原始輸出檔案中的內容。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
APPNAME mod='%s' mh=%lu act='%s' ah=%lu
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
APPNAME:Application name setting。在Oracle 7.2和以上版本中出現。這個名稱可以由DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO包來設定。
mod:Module name
mh:Module hash value
act:Action
ah:Action hash value
比如:APPNAME mod='SQL*Plus' mh=3669949024 act='' ah=4029777240
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
PARSING IN CURSOR #<CURSOR> len=X dep=X uid=X oct=X lid=X tim=X hv=X ad='X'
<statement>
END OF STMT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<CURSOR>:Cursor number
len :Length of SQL statement,SQL語句的長度
dep :Recursive depth of the cursor,當前SQL語句的遞規深度,如果為0則表示是使用者提交的SQL,為1則是由於使用者SQL而導致Oracle後台自己執行的SQL,為2則是由1級SQL繼續誘發的下一級SQL。
uid :Schema user id of parsing user
oct :Oracle command type.
lid :Privilege user id.
tim :Timestamp。在Oracle9i之前單位是1/100秒,9i則是1/1,000,000秒。利用這個值可以計算一個SQL執行了到底多長時間。這個值就是當前行被寫入trace檔案時資料庫V$TIMER視圖的值。
hv :Hash id.
ad :SQLTEXT address,SQLTEXT的地址,跟V$SQLAREA和V$SQLTEXT視圖中的ADDRESS欄位值相等。
<statement> :The actual SQL statement being parsed.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
PARSE ERROR #%d:len=%ld dep=%d uid=%ld oct=%d lid=%ld tim=%lu err=%d
<statement> ...
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
PARSE ERROR :在Oracle 7.2以上版本中解析的錯誤會寫入trace檔案中。
len :Length of SQL statement.
dep :Recursive depth of the statement
uid :User id.
oct :Oracle command type (if known).
lid :Privilege user id.
tim :Timestamp.
err :Oracle error code (e.g. ORA-XXXXX) reported
<statement> :The SQL statement that errored.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
PARSE #<CURSOR>:c=0,e=0,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=4,tim=0
EXEC #<CURSOR>:c=0,e=0,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=4,tim=0
FETCH #<CURSOR>:c=0,e=0,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=4,tim=0
UNMAP #<CURSOR>:c=0,e=0,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=4,tim=0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
PARSE :Parse a statement. 解析一個SQL
EXEC :Execute a pre-parsed statement. 執行已經解析完畢的SQL
FETCH :Fetch rows from a cursor. 從遊標中得到資料,通常指select返回記錄
UNMAP :如果遊標使用了暫存資料表(temporary table), 當遊標關閉的時候將會看到UNMAP
c :CPU time (100th's of a second in Oracle7 ,8 and 9).
e :Elapsed time (100th's of a second Oracle7, 8. Microseconds in Oracle 9 onwards).
p :Number of physical reads.
cr :Number of buffers retrieved for CR reads.
cu :Number of buffers retrieved in current mode.
mis :Cursor missed in the cache.
r :Number of rows processed.
dep :Recursive call depth (0 = user SQL, >0 = recursive).
og :Optimizer goal: 1=All_Rows, 2=First_Rows, 3=Rule, 4=Choose
tim :Timestamp (large number in 100ths of a second).
比如:FETCH #2:c=0,e=106,p=0,cr=3,cu=0,mis=0,r=1,dep=1,og=4,tim=6005498548671
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ERROR #%d:err=%d tim=%lu
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
執行或者fetch之後出現的SQL Error
err :Oracle error code (e.g. ORA-XXXXX) at the top of the stack.
tim :Timestamp.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
STAT #<CURSOR> id=N cnt=0 [pid=0 pos=0 obj=0 op='SORT AGGREGATE ']
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<CURSOR>的執行計畫.
<CURSOR> :Cursor which the statistics apply to.
id :Line of the explain plan which the row count applies to (從1開始).
cnt :Number of rows for this row source.
pid :Parent id of this row source.
pos :Position in explain plan.
obj :Object id of row source (if this is a base object).
op : The row source access operation.
比如:
STAT #2 id=2 cnt=0 pid=1 pos=1 obj=510 op='TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID OBJECT_USAGE (cr=2 r=0 w=0 time=83 us)'
STAT #2 id=3 cnt=1 pid=2 pos=1 obj=511 op='INDEX RANGE SCAN I_STATS_OBJ# (cr=1 r=0 w=0 time=43 us)'
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
XCTEND rlbk=%d rd_only=%d
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
XCTEND是事務結束的標誌.
rlbk :1 if a rollback was performed, 0 if no rollback (commit).
rd_only :1 if transaction was read only, 0 if changes occurred.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BINDS #%d:
bind 0: dty=2 mxl=22(22) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=03 oacfl2=0 size=24 offset=0
bfp=02fedb44 bln=22 avl=00 flg=05
value=10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIND :Variables bound to a cursor.
bind N :The bind position being bound.
dty :Data type.
mxl :Maximum length of the bind variable (private max len in paren).
mal :Array length.
scl :Scale.
pre :Precision.
oacflg :Special flag indicating bind options
oacflg2 :Continuation of oacflg
size :Amount of memory to be allocated for this chunk
offset :Offset into this chunk for this bind buffer
bfp :Bind address.
bln :Bind buffer length.
avl :Actual value length (array length too).
flg :Special flag indicating bind status
value :The actual value of the bind variable.
比如:
BINDS #4:
bind 0: dty=2 mxl=22(22) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=08 oacfl2=1 size=24 offset=0
bfp=ffffffff7ce64ee0 bln=22 avl=01 flg=05
value=0
bind 1: dty=1 mxl=32(11) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=18 oacfl2=1 size=32 offset=0
bfp=ffffffff7ce6b128 bln=32 avl=11 flg=05
value="TABCOMPART$"
bind 2: dty=2 mxl=22(22) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=08 oacfl2=1 size=24 offset=0
bfp=ffffffff7ce6bae8 bln=24 avl=02 flg=05
value=1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
WAIT #<CURSOR>: nam="<event name>" ela=0 p1=0 p2=0 p3=0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
WAIT :An event that we waited for.
nam :What was being waited for.
ela :Elapsed time for the operation.
p1 :P1 for the given wait event.
p2 :P2 for the given wait event.
p3 :P3 for the given wait event.
比如 (Full Table Scan):
WAIT #1: nam="db file scattered read" ela= 5 p1=4 p2=1435 p3=25
在遊標1上經曆了"db file scattered read"等待事件,一共等了0.05秒,在讀取File 4,從1435 block開始,讀了25個block
比如 (Index Scan):
WAIT #1: nam="db file sequential read" ela= 4 p1=4 p2=1224 p3=1
在遊標1上經曆了"db file sequential read"等待事件,一共等了0.04秒,在讀取file 4,block 1224,讀取了這一個block
對於每一個等待事件的含義和p1,p2,p3表示的意思,可以參考Oracle Database Reference文檔的Oracle Wait Events章節。