使用RMAN增量備份來更新傳輸資料表空間

使用RMAN增量備份來更新傳輸資料表空間

要使用RMAN增量備份來更新傳輸資料表空間需要瞭解傳輸資料表空間與RMAN的增量備份。這裡主要介紹使用增量備份來更新傳輸資料表空間，就不介紹傳輸資料表空間與RMAN增量備份。下面是使用RMAN增量備份來更新傳輸資料表空間的操作。目標主機是weblogic29，原主機是weblogic28。

1.在兩台資料庫伺服器上配置NFS
配置/etc/exports
 nfs允許掛載的目錄及許可權需在檔案/etc/exports中進行定義。例如，我們要將資料檔案所在目錄
/u01/app/Oracle/oradata/jytest/與/backup目錄共用出來，那麼我們需要編輯/etc/exports檔案，追加兩行
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/ *(rw,sync)
/backup/ *(rw,sync)

[root@weblogic29 oracle]# vi /etc/exports
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/ *(rw,sync)
/backup/ *(rw,sync)

啟動nfs服務
[root@weblogic29 oracle]# service portmap start
Starting portmap: [ OK ]
[root@weblogic29 oracle]# service nfs start
Starting NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]

在用戶端主機上掛載共用目錄
[root@weblogic28 ~]# service portmap start
Starting portmap: [ OK ]

[root@weblogic28 ~]# service nfs start
Starting NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]

在用戶端使用showmount -e IP 查看nfs主機共用情況：
[root@weblogic28 ~]# showmount -e 10.138.130.29
Export list for 10.138.130.29:
/backup *
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest *

在用戶端建立NFS檔案夾並執行mount掛載命令：
[root@weblogic28 ~]# mkdir /jytest_data
[root@weblogic28 ~]# mkdir /backup
[root@weblogic28 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /jytest_data
[root@weblogic28 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /backup
[root@weblogic28 ~]# chmod -R 777 /jytest_data
[root@weblogic28 ~]# chmod -R 777 /backup

[root@weblogic28 ~]# mount -t nfs 10.138.130.29:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest /jytest_data
[root@weblogic28 ~]# mount -t nfs 10.138.130.29:/backup /backup

[root@weblogic28 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 240G 158G 71G 70% /
/dev/sda1 190M 12M 169M 7% /boot
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
10.138.130.29:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest
240G 22G 206G 10% /jytest_data
10.138.130.29:/backup
240G 22G 206G 10% /backup

 

2.在來源資料庫中建立一個資料表空間jytest與使用者jytest
SQL> create tablespace jytest datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/jytest01.dbf' size 5M autoextend off extent management local segment space management auto;

Tablespace created.

SQL> create user jytest identified by "jytest" default tablespace jytest temporary tablespace temp;

User created.

SQL> grant connect,dba,resource to jytest;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> conn jytest/jytest
Connected.
SQL> create table t1 as select * from dba_tables;

Table created.

SQL> select count(*) from t1;

COUNT(*)
----------
1607
SQL> insert into t1 select * from t1;

1607 rows created.

SQL> insert into t1 select * from t1;

3214 rows created.

SQL> insert into t1 select * from t1;

6428 rows created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

3.將原資料庫的jytest資料表空間設定為唯讀模式
SQL> alter tablespace jytest read only;

Tablespace altered.

4.對原資料庫中的資料表空間jytest使用rman產生鏡像副本並儲存在NFS所掛載的/jytest_data目錄中
[oracle@weblogic28 ~]$ rman target/

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Wed Apr 13 12:36:05 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: JYTEST (DBID=3911337604)

RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel c1 type disk format '/jytest_data/jytest01.dbf';
4> backup incremental level 1 tag "INCR_JYTEST" for recover of copy with tag "INCR_JYTEST" tablespace jytest;
5> }

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: sid=157 devtype=DISK

Starting backup at 13-APR-16
WARNING: TAG INCR_JYTEST option is ignored; backups will be tagged with INCR_JYTEST
no parent backup or copy of datafile 8 found
channel c1: starting datafile copy
input datafile fno=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/jytest01.dbf
output filename=/jytest_data/jytest01.dbf tag=INCR_JYTEST recid=2 stamp=909059896
channel c1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 13-APR-16
released channel: c1

雖然這裡使用的是incremental level 1，因為這裡不存在資料表空間資料檔案jytest01.dbf的0級增量副本，因此會建立一個0級增量副本檔案。
SQL> alter tablespace jytest read write;

Tablespace altered.

5.將資料表空間jytest附加到目標資料庫
SQL> create or replace directory test_dump as '/backup/';

Directory created.

SQL> grant read,write on directory test_dump to public;

Grant succeeded.
'
SQL> create public database link dblink_jytest
2 connect to jytest identified by "jytest"
3 using '(DESCRIPTION =
4 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.138.130.28)(PORT = 1521))
5 (CONNECT_DATA =
6 (SERVICE_NAME = jytest)
7 )
8 )';

Database link created.
SQL> select count(*) from t1@dblink_jytest;

COUNT(*)
----------
12856
[oracle@weblogic29 jytest]$ impdp jytest/jytest directory=test_dump network_link=dblink_jytest transport_tablespaces=jytest transport_full_check=n transport_datafiles=\'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/jytest01.dbf\'

Import: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production on Wednesday, 13 April, 2016 14:47:43

Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "JYTEST"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01": jytest/******** directory=test_dump network_link=dblink_jytest transport_tablespaces=jytest transport_full_check=n transport_datafiles='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/jytest01.dbf'
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK
Job "JYTEST"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:47:48
SQL> show parameter compatible

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
compatible string 10.2.0.3.0
SQL> select count(*) from jytest.t1;

COUNT(*)
----------
12856

6.將資料表空間jytest從目標資料庫中刪除,但保留資料檔案
SQL> drop tablespace jytest including contents;

Tablespace dropped.

7.將原資料庫中的資料表空間jytest聯機,繼續向表t1插入記錄
SQL> alter tablespace jytest read write;

Tablespace altered.
SQL> insert into t1 select * from t1;
insert into t1 select * from t1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01653: unable to extend table JYTEST.T1 by 128 in tablespace JYTEST

由於資料表空間jytest沒有空間了，如是向表這僮jytest增加一個資料檔案jytest02.dbf來增加資料表空間
SQL> alter tablespace jytest add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/jytest02.dbf' size 5M;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> insert into t1 select * from t1;

12856 rows created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select count(*) from t1;

COUNT(*)
----------
25712

8.如果自上次增量備份以後原資料庫資料表空間jytest增加了新的資料檔案，因此執行以下命令來為新增加的資料檔案建立鏡像副本。
SQL> alter tablespace jytest read only;

Tablespace altered.
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;

FILE# NAME
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/system01.dbf
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/undotbs01.dbf
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/sysaux01.dbf
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/users01.dbf
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/example01.dbf
6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/tspitr01.dbf
7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/test01.dbf
8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/jytest01.dbf
9 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/jytest02.dbf

9 rows selected.
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel c1 type disk format '/jytest_data/jytest02.dbf';
4> backup incremental level 1 tag "INCR_JYTEST" for recover of copy with tag "INCR_JYTEST" datafile 9;
5> }

allocated channel: c1
channel c1: sid=141 devtype=DISK

Starting backup at 13-APR-16
WARNING: TAG INCR_JYTEST option is ignored; backups will be tagged with INCR_JYTEST
no parent backup or copy of datafile 9 found
channel c1: starting datafile copy
input datafile fno=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/jytest02.dbf
output filename=/jytest_data/jytest02.dbf tag=INCR_JYTEST recid=4 stamp=909069392
channel c1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 13-APR-16
released channel: c1

9.對原資料庫執行RMAN增量備份並使用目標資料庫檔案目錄中的資料檔案與其合并，因些建立一組
 新的資料檔案
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel c1 type disk format '/jytest_data/jytest01_%t.dbf';
4> allocate channel c2 type disk format '/jytest_data/jytest02_%t.dbf';
5> backup incremental level 1 tag "INCR_JYTEST" for recover of copy with tag "INCR_JYTEST" tablespace jytest;
6> recover copy of tablespace jytest with tag "INCR_JYTEST";
7> }

allocated channel: c1
channel c1: sid=141 devtype=DISK

allocated channel: c2
channel c2: sid=139 devtype=DISK

Starting backup at 13-APR-16
WARNING: TAG INCR_JYTEST option is ignored; backups will be tagged with INCR_JYTEST
channel c1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backupset
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/jytest01.dbf
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 13-APR-16
channel c2: starting incremental level 1 datafile backupset
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/jytest02.dbf
skipping datafile 00009 because it has not changed
channel c2: backup cancelled because all files were skipped
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 13-APR-16
piece handle=/jytest_data/jytest01_909069660.dbf tag=INCR_JYTEST comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 13-APR-16

Starting recover at 13-APR-16
channel c1: starting incremental datafile backupset restore
channel c1: specifying datafile copies to recover
recovering datafile copy fno=00008 name=/jytest_data/jytest01.dbf
channel c1: reading from backup piece /jytest_data/jytest01_909069660.dbf
channel c1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/jytest_data/jytest01_909069660.dbf tag=INCR_JYTEST
channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished recover at 13-APR-16
released channel: c1
released channel: c2

10.將資料表空間jytest重新附加到目標資料庫中
[oracle@weblogic29 jytest]$ impdp jytest/jytest directory=test_dump network_link=dblink_jytest transport_tablespaces=jytest transport_full_check=n transport_datafiles=\'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/jytest01.dbf\',\'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/jytest02.dbf\'

Import: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production on Wednesday, 13 April, 2016 15:50:37

Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "JYTEST"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01": jytest/******** directory=test_dump network_link=dblink_jytest transport_tablespaces=jytest transport_full_check=n transport_datafiles='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/jytest01.dbf','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/jytest/jytest02.dbf'
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK
Job "JYTEST"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 15:50:42

SQL> select count(*) from jytest.t1;

COUNT(*)
----------
25712

SQL> alter tablespace jytest read write;

Tablespace altered.

與原資料庫中表t1記錄數一樣，說明累加式更新傳輸資料表空間成功。

總結：使用增量備份來前更新資料檔案要比複製整個資料檔案所花的時間少。這裡使用了NFS來執行資料檔案的傳輸避免了使用ftp等方式傳輸檔案，使用impdp network_link避免了匯入和匯出中繼資料與傳輸中繼資料這也能節省了時間。

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