win32手動建立windows視窗的，小記

標籤：des   style   http   io   color   ar   os   使用   sp   

摘抄自文檔，其中的函數需要以後花時間看 向 WinMain 添加功能

1. 首先，在 WinMain 函數內部建立 WNDCLASSEX 類型的視窗類別結構。 此結構包含有關視窗的資訊，如應用程式圖示、視窗的背景色、在標題列中顯示的名稱、視窗過程函數的名稱等等。典型的 WNDCLASSEX 結構如下：

       WNDCLASSEX wcex;    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);    wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));

       WNDCLASSEX wcex;    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);    wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));

   有關此結構的欄位解釋，請參見 WNDCLASSEX。

2. 現在已經建立了視窗類別，接下來您必須註冊它。使用 RegisterClassEx 函數，並將視窗類別結構作為參數傳遞：

       if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))    {        MessageBox(NULL,            _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),            NULL);        return 1;    }

       if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))    {        MessageBox(NULL,            _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),            NULL);        return 1;    }

3. 現在已經註冊了您自己的類，接下來建立視窗。使用 CreateWindow 函數，如下所示：

   static TCHAR szWindowClass[] = _T("win32app");static TCHAR szTitle[] = _T("Win32 Guided Tour Application");// The parameters to CreateWindow explained:// szWindowClass: the name of the application// szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar// WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create// CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)// 500, 100: initial size (width, length)// NULL: the parent of this window// NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar// hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain// NULL: not used in this applicationHWND hWnd = CreateWindow(    szWindowClass,    szTitle,    WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,    CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,    500, 100,    NULL,    NULL,    hInstance,    NULL);if (!hWnd){    MessageBox(NULL,        _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),        _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),        NULL);    return 1;}

   static TCHAR szWindowClass[] = _T("win32app");static TCHAR szTitle[] = _T("Win32 Guided Tour Application");// The parameters to CreateWindow explained:// szWindowClass: the name of the application// szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar// WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create// CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)// 500, 100: initial size (width, length)// NULL: the parent of this window// NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar// hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain// NULL: not used in this applicationHWND hWnd = CreateWindow(    szWindowClass,    szTitle,    WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,    CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,    500, 100,    NULL,    NULL,    hInstance,    NULL);if (!hWnd){    MessageBox(NULL,        _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),        _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),        NULL);    return 1;}

   此函數返回 HWND，它是某個視窗的控制代碼。有關更多資訊，請參見 Windows 資料類型。

4. 建立了視窗後，我們可以使用以下代碼將其顯示在螢幕上：

   // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:// hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow// nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMainShowWindow(hWnd,    nCmdShow);UpdateWindow(hWnd);

   // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:// hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow// nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMainShowWindow(hWnd,    nCmdShow);UpdateWindow(hWnd);

   到目前為止，此視窗還不會顯示，因為我們尚未實現 WndProc 函數。

5. WinMain 的最後一步是訊息迴圈。 此迴圈的用途是偵聽作業系統發送的訊息。應用程式收到訊息後，將該訊息調度到 WndProc 函數，以便進行處理。 訊息迴圈類似於：

    以帶有顏色區分的格式查看複製到剪貼簿列印

       MSG msg;    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))    {        TranslateMessage(&msg);        DispatchMessage(&msg);    }    return (int) msg.wParam;

       MSG msg;    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))    {        TranslateMessage(&msg);        DispatchMessage(&msg);    }    return (int) msg.wParam;

   有關訊息迴圈中使用的結構和函數的更多資訊，請參見 MSG、 GetMessage、 TranslateMessage 和 DispatchMessage。

   您剛才完成的步驟為大多數 Win32 應用程式所共用。有關此應用程式所需要的 include 指令和全域變數聲明，請參見本主題末尾的完整代碼 樣本。

   此時， WinMain 函數應該與下面的內容類別似：

   int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,                   HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,                   LPSTR lpCmdLine,                   int nCmdShow){    WNDCLASSEX wcex;    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);    wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));    if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))    {        MessageBox(NULL,            _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),            NULL);        return 1;    }    hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable    // The parameters to CreateWindow explained:    // szWindowClass: the name of the application    // szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar    // WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create    // CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)    // 500, 100: initial size (width, length)    // NULL: the parent of this window    // NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar    // hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain    // NULL: not used in this application    HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(        szWindowClass,        szTitle,        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,        500, 100,        NULL,        NULL,        hInstance,        NULL    );    if (!hWnd)    {        MessageBox(NULL,            _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),            NULL);        return 1;    }    // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:    // hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow    // nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain    ShowWindow(hWnd,        nCmdShow);    UpdateWindow(hWnd);    // Main message loop:    MSG msg;    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))    {        TranslateMessage(&msg);        DispatchMessage(&msg);    }    return (int) msg.wParam;}

   int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,                   HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,                   LPSTR lpCmdLine,                   int nCmdShow){    WNDCLASSEX wcex;    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);    wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));    if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))    {        MessageBox(NULL,            _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),            NULL);        return 1;    }    hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable    // The parameters to CreateWindow explained:    // szWindowClass: the name of the application    // szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar    // WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create    // CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)    // 500, 100: initial size (width, length)    // NULL: the parent of this window    // NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar    // hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain    // NULL: not used in this application    HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(        szWindowClass,        szTitle,        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,        500, 100,        NULL,        NULL,        hInstance,        NULL    );    if (!hWnd)    {        MessageBox(NULL,            _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),            NULL);        return 1;    }    // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:    // hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow    // nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain    ShowWindow(hWnd,        nCmdShow);    UpdateWindow(hWnd);    // Main message loop:    MSG msg;    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))    {        TranslateMessage(&msg);        DispatchMessage(&msg);    }    return (int) msg.wParam;}

向 WndProc 添加功能

1. WndProc 函數的用途是處理應用程式接收的訊息。 通常使用 Switch 函數實現此操作。

   我們將處理的第一個訊息是 WM_PAINT 訊息。 當必須更新應用程式視窗的一部分時，應用程式會收到此訊息。首次建立視窗時，必須更新整個視窗，並傳遞此訊息以指示此操作。

   當處理 WM_PAINT 訊息時，首先應做的是調用 BeginPaint，最後應做的是調用 EndPaint。 在這兩個函數調用之間，您可以處理所有的邏輯，以在視窗中排列文本、按鈕和其他控制項。對於此應用程式，我們在視窗中顯示字串“Hello, World!”。若要顯示文本，請使用 TextOut 函數，也可以使用drawtext函數如下所示：

   PAINTSTRUCT ps;HDC hdc;TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");switch (message){case WM_PAINT:    hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);    // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"    // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,        5, 5,        greeting, _tcslen(greeting));    // End application-specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);    break;}

   PAINTSTRUCT ps;HDC hdc;TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");switch (message){case WM_PAINT:    hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);    // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"    // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,        5, 5,        greeting, _tcslen(greeting));    // End application-specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);    break;}

2. 應用程式通常會處理許多其他訊息，如 WM_CREATE 和 WM_DESTROY。 一個簡單而完整的 WndProc 函數如下：

   LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){    PAINTSTRUCT ps;    HDC hdc;    TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");    switch (message)    {    case WM_PAINT:        hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);        // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"        // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,            5, 5,            greeting, _tcslen(greeting));        // End application specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);        break;    case WM_DESTROY:        PostQuitMessage(0);        break;    default:        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);        break;    }    return 0;}
   
   
   完整代碼：
   
   

   #include <windows.h>
   #include <stdlib.h>
   #include <string.h>
   #include <tchar.h>

   // Global variables

   // The main window class name.static TCHAR szWindowClass[] = _T("win32app");

   // The string that appears in the application‘s title bar.static TCHAR szTitle[] = _T("Win32 Guided Tour Application");

   HINSTANCE hInst;

   // Forward declarations of functions included in this code module:
   LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

   int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
   HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
   LPSTR lpCmdLine,
   int nCmdShow)
   {
   WNDCLASSEX wcex;

   wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
   wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
   wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
   wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
   wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
   wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
   wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
   wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
   wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
   wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;
   wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass;
   wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));

   if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
   {
   MessageBox(NULL,
   _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
   _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
   NULL);

   return 1;
   }

   hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable

   // The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
   // szWindowClass: the name of the application
   // szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
   // WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
   // CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
   // 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
   // NULL: the parent of this window
   // NULL: this application does not have a menu bar
   // hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
   // NULL: not used in this application
   HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
   szWindowClass,
   szTitle,
   WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
   CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
   500, 100,
   NULL,
   NULL,
   hInstance,
   NULL
   );

   if (!hWnd)
   {
   MessageBox(NULL,
   _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
   _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
   NULL);

   return 1;
   }

   // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
   // hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
   // nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
   ShowWindow(hWnd,
   nCmdShow);
   UpdateWindow(hWnd);

   // Main message loop:
   MSG msg;
   while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
   {
   TranslateMessage(&msg);
   DispatchMessage(&msg);
   }

   return (int) msg.wParam;
   }

   //
   // FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
   //
   // PURPOSE: Processes messages for the main window.//
   // WM_PAINT - Paint the main window
   // WM_DESTROY - post a quit message and return
   //
   //
   LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
   {
   PAINTSTRUCT ps;
   HDC hdc;
   TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");

   switch (message)
   {
   case WM_PAINT:
   hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

   // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"
   // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,
   5, 5,
   greeting, _tcslen(greeting));
   // End application-specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
   break;
   case WM_DESTROY:
   PostQuitMessage(0);
   break;
   default:
   return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
   break;
   }

   return 0;
   }

win32手動建立windows視窗的，小記