你也可以玩轉Skype — 基於Skype API開發外殼程式入門

Skype是目前這個星球上最厲害的IM+VOIP軟體，Skype現在已經改變了全球2.8億人的生活。你，值得擁有！ ：）

Skype中文官網：http://skype.tom.com/

Skype全球官網：http://www.skype.com/

Skype也是世界上最開放，最具創新意識的IM工具，他提供了Skype API， Skype4COM， Skype4Java幾種形式的開發介面給Skype愛好者編寫Skype的互動程式或者Skype的外掛程式。你可以使用任何你熟悉的語言，比如C/C++,VB, C#,Delphi，Java甚至PHP，VBScript。通過你的專業知識，去影響2.8億的Skype使用者。你也可以做到！：）

Skype全球開發人員社區：http://developer.skype.com/

下面我們將展示一個最簡單的訪問Skype API的C++代碼：

這裡可以下載對應的VC6工程：http://wh.hust.colin.googlepages.com/SkypeInteractiveDemo.rar

//
// Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Skype Limited.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
// are met:
//
//   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
//     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
//     copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
//     disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
//     with the distribution.
//   * Neither the name of the Skype Limited nor the names of its
//     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
//     from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
// FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
// INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
// BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
// LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
// CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
// LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
// ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
// POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//

// tab size: 2

#include <windows.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <rpcdce.h>

HWND hInit_MainWindowHandle;  ///<本程式建立的視窗的控制代碼
HINSTANCE hInit_ProcessHandle;  ///<本程式的進程控制代碼
char acInit_WindowClassName[128]; ///<本程式建立的視窗類別名
HANDLE hGlobal_ThreadShutdownEvent; 
bool volatile fGlobal_ThreadRunning=true;

//Skype定義的訊息ID，Skype通過向第三方程式發送這類訊息來告知請求串連的結果
UINT uiGlobal_MsgID_SkypeControlAPIAttach;  

//Skype定義的訊息ID，當第三方程式想擷取Skype的互動時，
//必須通過廣播（HWND_BROADCAST）發送這個訊息，Skype收到後給使用者彈出提示
//當使用者允許後，互動關係就建立起來了。
UINT uiGlobal_MsgID_SkypeControlAPIDiscover;

//Skype的視窗控制代碼
HWND hGlobal_SkypeAPIWindowHandle=NULL;

//BOOL變數標識是否列印更詳細的訊息內容
#if defined(_DEBUG)
bool volatile fGlobal_DumpWindowsMessages=true;
#else
bool volatile fGlobal_DumpWindowsMessages=false;
#endif
DWORD ulGlobal_PromptConsoleMode=0;
HANDLE volatile hGlobal_PromptConsoleHandle=NULL;

enum {
//第三方程式串連成功，在wParam中可以擷取到Skype的API視窗控制代碼
 SKYPECONTROLAPI_ATTACH_SUCCESS=0,     
//Skype已經收到串連請求了，並給使用者彈出了第三方程式請求訪問Skype的提示
//這時候串連並沒有成功建立，必須等到SKYPECONTROLAPI_ATTACH_SUCCESS訊息才行  
  SKYPECONTROLAPI_ATTACH_PENDING_AUTHORIZATION=1, 
//Skype使用者拒絕了第三方程式的訪問請求
  SKYPECONTROLAPI_ATTACH_REFUSED=2,      
//API介面當前不可使用。這種情況有時候發生，比如當前Skype沒有任何使用者登入進去。  
//第三方程式必須等到Skype廣播了SKYPECONTROLAPI_ATTACH_API_AVAILABLE訊息時再去嘗試串連才有效
  SKYPECONTROLAPI_ATTACH_NOT_AVAILABLE=3,     
  SKYPECONTROLAPI_ATTACH_API_AVAILABLE=0x8001
};

//從標準輸入視窗中擷取一行輸入到pacPromptBuffer中
bool Global_Console_ReadRow( char *pacPromptBuffer, unsigned int uiMaxLength)
{
 HANDLE hConsoleHandle, hDuplicatedConsoleHandle;
 DWORD ulCharactersRead, ulConsoleMode;
 unsigned int uiNewLength;
 BOOL fReadConsoleResult;
 bool fReturnStatus;
 char cCharacter;
 
 fReturnStatus=false;
 //擷取標準輸入視窗的輸入緩衝區控制代碼
 while((hConsoleHandle=GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE))!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 {
  if( DuplicateHandle( GetCurrentProcess(), hConsoleHandle,
   GetCurrentProcess(), &hDuplicatedConsoleHandle, 0, FALSE,
   DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)==FALSE )
   break;
  GetConsoleMode( hDuplicatedConsoleHandle, &ulConsoleMode);
  SetConsoleMode( hDuplicatedConsoleHandle, ENABLE_LINE_INPUT|ENABLE_PROCESSED_INPUT|ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT);
  hGlobal_PromptConsoleHandle=hDuplicatedConsoleHandle;
  ulGlobal_PromptConsoleMode=ulConsoleMode;
  fReadConsoleResult=ReadConsole( hGlobal_PromptConsoleHandle,
   (LPVOID)pacPromptBuffer, uiMaxLength, &ulCharactersRead, (LPVOID)0);
  if( hGlobal_PromptConsoleHandle==(HANDLE)0 )
   break;
  hGlobal_PromptConsoleHandle=(HANDLE)0;
  SetConsoleMode( hDuplicatedConsoleHandle, ulConsoleMode);
  CloseHandle(hDuplicatedConsoleHandle);
  if( fReadConsoleResult==FALSE || ulCharactersRead>uiMaxLength )
   break;
  pacPromptBuffer[ulCharactersRead]=0;
  uiNewLength=ulCharactersRead;
  while(uiNewLength!=0)
  {
   cCharacter=pacPromptBuffer[uiNewLength-1];
   if( cCharacter!='/r' && cCharacter!='/n' )
    break;
   uiNewLength--;
  }
  pacPromptBuffer[uiNewLength]=0;
  fReturnStatus=true;
  break;
 }
 if( fReturnStatus==false )
  pacPromptBuffer[0]=0;
 return(fReturnStatus);
}

//輸入控制台的回收清理
void Global_Console_CancelReadRow(void)
{
 if( hGlobal_PromptConsoleHandle!=(HANDLE)0 )
 {
  SetConsoleMode( hGlobal_PromptConsoleHandle, ulGlobal_PromptConsoleMode);
  CloseHandle(hGlobal_PromptConsoleHandle);
  hGlobal_PromptConsoleHandle=(HANDLE)0;
 }
}

static LRESULT APIENTRY SkypeAPITest_Windows_WindowProc(
 HWND hWindow, UINT uiMessage, WPARAM uiParam, LPARAM ulParam)
{
 LRESULT lReturnCode;
 bool fIssueDefProc;
 
 lReturnCode=0;
 fIssueDefProc=false;
 switch(uiMessage)
 {
 case WM_DESTROY:
  hInit_MainWindowHandle=NULL;
  PostQuitMessage(0);
  break;
 case WM_COPYDATA:
  //Skype與第三方程式的訊息傳送使用WM_COPYDATA
  //當Skype通過WM_COPYDATA向所有已串連的第三方程式發送訊息時，會把Skype的視窗控制代碼放到uiParam中
  if( hGlobal_SkypeAPIWindowHandle==(HWND)uiParam )
  {
   PCOPYDATASTRUCT poCopyData=(PCOPYDATASTRUCT)ulParam;
   printf( "Message from Skype(%u): %.*s/n", poCopyData->dwData, poCopyData->cbData, poCopyData->lpData);
   lReturnCode=1;
  }
  break;
 default:
  //如果訊息類型是uiGlobal_MsgID_SkypeControlAPIAttach，則表示串連相關的
  if( uiMessage==uiGlobal_MsgID_SkypeControlAPIAttach )
  {
   switch(ulParam)
   {
   case SKYPECONTROLAPI_ATTACH_SUCCESS:
    printf("!!! Connected; to terminate issue #disconnect/n");
    hGlobal_SkypeAPIWindowHandle=(HWND)uiParam;
    break;
   case SKYPECONTROLAPI_ATTACH_PENDING_AUTHORIZATION:
    printf("!!! Pending authorization/n");
    break;
   case SKYPECONTROLAPI_ATTACH_REFUSED:
    printf("!!! Connection refused/n");
    break;
   case SKYPECONTROLAPI_ATTACH_NOT_AVAILABLE:
    printf("!!! Skype API not available/n");
    break;
   case SKYPECONTROLAPI_ATTACH_API_AVAILABLE:
    printf("!!! Try connect now (API available); issue #connect/n");
    break;
   }
   lReturnCode=1;
   break;
  }
  fIssueDefProc=true;
  break;
 }
 if( fIssueDefProc )
  lReturnCode=DefWindowProc( hWindow, uiMessage, uiParam, ulParam);
 if( fGlobal_DumpWindowsMessages )
 {
  printf( "WindowProc: hWindow=0x%08X, MainWindow=0x%08X, Message=%5u, WParam=0x%08X, LParam=0x%08X; Return=%ld%s/n",
   hWindow, hInit_MainWindowHandle, uiMessage, uiParam, ulParam, lReturnCode, fIssueDefProc? " (default)":"");
 }
 return(lReturnCode);
}

bool Initialize_CreateWindowClass(void)
{
 unsigned char *paucUUIDString;
 RPC_STATUS lUUIDResult;
 bool fReturnStatus;
 UUID oUUID;
 
 fReturnStatus=false;
 lUUIDResult=UuidCreate(&oUUID);
 hInit_ProcessHandle=(HINSTANCE)OpenProcess( PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE, FALSE, GetCurrentProcessId());
 if( hInit_ProcessHandle!=NULL && (lUUIDResult==RPC_S_OK || lUUIDResult==RPC_S_UUID_LOCAL_ONLY) )
 {
  if( UuidToString( &oUUID, &paucUUIDString)==RPC_S_OK )
  {
   WNDCLASS oWindowClass;
   //產生視窗類別名（含UUID）
   strcpy( acInit_WindowClassName, "Skype-API-Test-");
   strcat( acInit_WindowClassName, (char *)paucUUIDString);
   
   oWindowClass.style=CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW|CS_DBLCLKS;
   //指定視窗的訊息回呼函數是SkypeAPITest_Windows_WindowProc
   oWindowClass.lpfnWndProc=(WNDPROC)&SkypeAPITest_Windows_WindowProc;
   oWindowClass.cbClsExtra=0;
   oWindowClass.cbWndExtra=0;
   oWindowClass.hInstance=hInit_ProcessHandle;
   oWindowClass.hIcon=NULL;
   oWindowClass.hCursor=NULL;
   oWindowClass.hbrBackground=NULL;
   oWindowClass.lpszMenuName=NULL;
   oWindowClass.lpszClassName=acInit_WindowClassName;
   //註冊視窗類別
   if( RegisterClass(&oWindowClass)!=0 )
    fReturnStatus=true;
   
   RpcStringFree(&paucUUIDString);
  }
 }
 if( fReturnStatus==false )
  CloseHandle(hInit_ProcessHandle),hInit_ProcessHandle=NULL;
 return(fReturnStatus);
}

void DeInitialize_DestroyWindowClass(void)
{
 //登出視窗類別
 UnregisterClass( acInit_WindowClassName, hInit_ProcessHandle);
 CloseHandle(hInit_ProcessHandle),hInit_ProcessHandle=NULL;
}

bool Initialize_CreateMainWindow(void)
{
 //建立視窗，並把控制代碼儲存到hInit_MainWindowHandle
 hInit_MainWindowHandle=CreateWindowEx( WS_EX_APPWINDOW|WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE,
  acInit_WindowClassName, "", WS_BORDER|WS_SYSMENU|WS_MINIMIZEBOX,
  CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 128, 128, NULL, 0, hInit_ProcessHandle, 0);
 return(hInit_MainWindowHandle!=NULL? true:false);
}

void DeInitialize_DestroyMainWindow(void)
{
 //銷毀視窗
 if( hInit_MainWindowHandle!=NULL )
  DestroyWindow(hInit_MainWindowHandle),hInit_MainWindowHandle=NULL;
}

void Global_MessageLoop(void)
{
 //訊息處理迴圈
 MSG oMessage;
 while(GetMessage( &oMessage, 0, 0, 0)!=FALSE)
 {
  TranslateMessage(&oMessage);
  DispatchMessage(&oMessage);
 }
}

//這是一個線程函數，主要用於接收使用者的輸入指令並執行
void __cdecl Global_InputProcessingThread(void *)
{
 static char acInputRow[1024];
 bool fProcessed;
 
 //線程開始執行時預設去串連Skype，發送請求訪問Skype API的訊息。由於一開始我們不知道SKype的API視窗控制代碼值，只能
 //通過HWND_BROADCAST廣播這個訊息給所有系統中在前台的視窗，如果Skype視窗存在，則自然也會收到。
 if( SendMessage( HWND_BROADCAST, uiGlobal_MsgID_SkypeControlAPIDiscover, (WPARAM)hInit_MainWindowHandle, 0)!=0 )
 {
  //接受使用者輸入指令
  while(Global_Console_ReadRow( acInputRow, sizeof(acInputRow)-1))
  {
   //退出程式
   if( stricmp( acInputRow, "#quit")==0 ||
    stricmp( acInputRow, "#exit")==0 )
    break;
   fProcessed=false;
   //開啟顯示訊息詳細資料
   if( stricmp( acInputRow, "#dbgon")==0 )
   {
    printf( "SkypeControlAPIAttach=%u, SkypeControlAPIDiscover=%u, hInit_MainWindowHandle=0x%08lX/n",
     uiGlobal_MsgID_SkypeControlAPIAttach, uiGlobal_MsgID_SkypeControlAPIDiscover, hInit_MainWindowHandle);
    fGlobal_DumpWindowsMessages=true,fProcessed=true;
   }
   //關閉顯示訊息詳細資料
   if( stricmp( acInputRow, "#dbgoff")==0 )
    fGlobal_DumpWindowsMessages=false,fProcessed=true;
   //請求訪問Skype API
   if( stricmp( acInputRow, "#connect")==0 )
   {
    SendMessage( HWND_BROADCAST, uiGlobal_MsgID_SkypeControlAPIDiscover, (WPARAM)hInit_MainWindowHandle, 0);
    fProcessed=true;
   }
   //停止訪問Skype API。由代碼可以看出，這是一個假斷開，
   //因為只是設定hGlobal_SkypeAPIWindowHandle為空白，從而不再處理和列印這個視窗發送的WM_COPYDATA訊息
   if( stricmp( acInputRow, "#disconnect")==0 )
   {
    hGlobal_SkypeAPIWindowHandle=NULL;
    printf("!!! Disconnected/n");
    fProcessed=true;
   }
   //其它使用者輸入內容，則直接作為Skype API命令發送給Skype處理
   if( fProcessed==false && hGlobal_SkypeAPIWindowHandle!=NULL )
   {
    COPYDATASTRUCT oCopyData;
    
    // send command to skype
    oCopyData.dwData=0;
    oCopyData.lpData=acInputRow;
    oCopyData.cbData=strlen(acInputRow)+1;
    if( oCopyData.cbData!=1 )
    {
     if( SendMessage( hGlobal_SkypeAPIWindowHandle, WM_COPYDATA, (WPARAM)hInit_MainWindowHandle, (LPARAM)&oCopyData)==FALSE )
     {
      hGlobal_SkypeAPIWindowHandle=NULL;
      printf("!!! Disconnected/n");
     }
    }
   }
  }
 }
 PostMessage( hInit_MainWindowHandle, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);
 SetEvent(hGlobal_ThreadShutdownEvent);
 fGlobal_ThreadRunning=false;
}

void main(void)
{
 //擷取到Skype註冊到系統的兩類訊息ID
 uiGlobal_MsgID_SkypeControlAPIAttach=RegisterWindowMessage("SkypeControlAPIAttach");
 uiGlobal_MsgID_SkypeControlAPIDiscover=RegisterWindowMessage("SkypeControlAPIDiscover");
 if( uiGlobal_MsgID_SkypeControlAPIAttach!=0 && uiGlobal_MsgID_SkypeControlAPIDiscover!=0 )
 {
  //註冊視窗類別並建立視窗
  if( Initialize_CreateWindowClass() )
  {
   if( Initialize_CreateMainWindow() )
   {
    hGlobal_ThreadShutdownEvent=CreateEvent( NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
    if( hGlobal_ThreadShutdownEvent!=NULL )
    {
     //單獨啟動一個進程接收使用者輸入指令並處理
     if( _beginthread( &Global_InputProcessingThread, 64*1024, NULL)!=(unsigned long)-1 )
     {
      //main主線程在此迴圈處理視窗訊息
      Global_MessageLoop();
      //記憶體回收和清理工作
      Global_Console_CancelReadRow();
      WaitForSingleObject( hGlobal_ThreadShutdownEvent, INFINITE);
     }
     CloseHandle(hGlobal_ThreadShutdownEvent);
    }
    DeInitialize_DestroyMainWindow();
   }
   DeInitialize_DestroyWindowClass();
  }
 }
}