Zend Framework教程之動作的基類Zend_Controller_Action詳解,controller基類_PHP教程

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Zend Framework教程之動作的基類Zend_Controller_Action詳解,controller基類


本文執行個體講述了Zend Framework教程之動作的基類Zend_Controller_Action。分享給大家供大家參考,具體如下:

Zend_Controller_Action的實現

Zend Framework的動作控制器需要繼承Zend_Controller_Action,Zend_Controller_Action提供了動作控制器的準系統,具體參考如下代碼:

Zend_Controller_Action_Interface

<?phpinterface Zend_Controller_Action_Interface{  /**   * Class constructor   *   * The request and response objects should be registered with the   * controller, as should be any additional optional arguments; these will be   * available via {@link getRequest()}, {@link getResponse()}, and   * {@link getInvokeArgs()}, respectively.   *   * When overriding the constructor, please consider this usage as a best   * practice and ensure that each is registered appropriately; the easiest   * way to do so is to simply call parent::__construct($request, $response,   * $invokeArgs).   *   * After the request, response, and invokeArgs are set, the   * {@link $_helper helper broker} is initialized.   *   * Finally, {@link init()} is called as the final action of   * instantiation, and may be safely overridden to perform initialization   * tasks; as a general rule, override {@link init()} instead of the   * constructor to customize an action controller's instantiation.   *   * @param Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request   * @param Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response   * @param array $invokeArgs Any additional invocation arguments   * @return void   */  public function __construct(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request,                Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response,                array $invokeArgs = array());  /**   * Dispatch the requested action   *   * @param string $action Method name of action   * @return void   */  public function dispatch($action);}

Zend_Controller_Action

<?phprequire_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/HelperBroker.php';require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Interface.php';require_once 'Zend/Controller/Front.php';abstract class Zend_Controller_Action implements Zend_Controller_Action_Interface{  protected $_classMethods;  protected $_delimiters;  protected $_invokeArgs = array();  protected $_frontController;  protected $_request = null;  protected $_response = null;  public $viewSuffix = 'phtml';  public $view;  protected $_helper = null;  public function __construct(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request, Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response, array $invokeArgs = array())  {    $this->setRequest($request)       ->setResponse($response)       ->_setInvokeArgs($invokeArgs);    $this->_helper = new Zend_Controller_Action_HelperBroker($this);    $this->init();  }  public function init()  {  }  public function initView()  {    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {      return $this->view;    }    require_once 'Zend/View/Interface.php';    if (isset($this->view) && ($this->view instanceof Zend_View_Interface)) {      return $this->view;    }    $request = $this->getRequest();    $module = $request->getModuleName();    $dirs  = $this->getFrontController()->getControllerDirectory();    if (empty($module) || !isset($dirs[$module])) {      $module = $this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher()->getDefaultModule();    }    $baseDir = dirname($dirs[$module]) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'views';    if (!file_exists($baseDir) || !is_dir($baseDir)) {      require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Missing base view directory ("' . $baseDir . '")');    }    require_once 'Zend/View.php';    $this->view = new Zend_View(array('basePath' => $baseDir));    return $this->view;  }  public function render($action = null, $name = null, $noController = false)  {    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {      return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->render($action, $name, $noController);    }    $view  = $this->initView();    $script = $this->getViewScript($action, $noController);    $this->getResponse()->appendBody(      $view->render($script),      $name    );  }  public function renderScript($script, $name = null)  {    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {      return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->renderScript($script, $name);    }    $view = $this->initView();    $this->getResponse()->appendBody(      $view->render($script),      $name    );  }  public function getViewScript($action = null, $noController = null)  {    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {      $viewRenderer = $this->_helper->getHelper('viewRenderer');      if (null !== $noController) {        $viewRenderer->setNoController($noController);      }      return $viewRenderer->getViewScript($action);    }    $request = $this->getRequest();    if (null === $action) {      $action = $request->getActionName();    } elseif (!is_string($action)) {      require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Invalid action specifier for view render');    }    if (null === $this->_delimiters) {      $dispatcher = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->getDispatcher();      $wordDelimiters = $dispatcher->getWordDelimiter();      $pathDelimiters = $dispatcher->getPathDelimiter();      $this->_delimiters = array_unique(array_merge($wordDelimiters, (array) $pathDelimiters));    }    $action = str_replace($this->_delimiters, '-', $action);    $script = $action . '.' . $this->viewSuffix;    if (!$noController) {      $controller = $request->getControllerName();      $controller = str_replace($this->_delimiters, '-', $controller);      $script = $controller . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $script;    }    return $script;  }  public function getRequest()  {    return $this->_request;  }  public function setRequest(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request)  {    $this->_request = $request;    return $this;  }  public function getResponse()  {    return $this->_response;  }  public function setResponse(Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response)  {    $this->_response = $response;    return $this;  }  protected function _setInvokeArgs(array $args = array())  {    $this->_invokeArgs = $args;    return $this;  }  public function getInvokeArgs()  {    return $this->_invokeArgs;  }  public function getInvokeArg($key)  {    if (isset($this->_invokeArgs[$key])) {      return $this->_invokeArgs[$key];    }    return null;  }  public function getHelper($helperName)  {    return $this->_helper->{$helperName};  }  public function getHelperCopy($helperName)  {    return clone $this->_helper->{$helperName};  }  public function setFrontController(Zend_Controller_Front $front)  {    $this->_frontController = $front;    return $this;  }  public function getFrontController()  {    // Used cache version if found    if (null !== $this->_frontController) {      return $this->_frontController;    }    // Grab singleton instance, if class has been loaded    if (class_exists('Zend_Controller_Front')) {      $this->_frontController = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance();      return $this->_frontController;    }    // Throw exception in all other cases    require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';    throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Front controller class has not been loaded');  }  public function preDispatch()  {  }  public function postDispatch()  {  }  public function __call($methodName, $args)  {    require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Exception.php';    if ('Action' == substr($methodName, -6)) {      $action = substr($methodName, 0, strlen($methodName) - 6);      throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception(sprintf('Action "%s" does not exist and was not trapped in __call()', $action), 404);    }    throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception(sprintf('Method "%s" does not exist and was not trapped in __call()', $methodName), 500);  }  public function dispatch($action)  {    // Notify helpers of action preDispatch state    $this->_helper->notifyPreDispatch();    $this->preDispatch();    if ($this->getRequest()->isDispatched()) {      if (null === $this->_classMethods) {        $this->_classMethods = get_class_methods($this);      }      // If pre-dispatch hooks introduced a redirect then stop dispatch      // @see ZF-7496      if (!($this->getResponse()->isRedirect())) {        // preDispatch() didn't change the action, so we can continue        if ($this->getInvokeArg('useCaseSensitiveActions') || in_array($action, $this->_classMethods)) {          if ($this->getInvokeArg('useCaseSensitiveActions')) {            trigger_error('Using case sensitive actions without word separators is deprecated; please do not rely on this "feature"');          }          $this->$action();        } else {          $this->__call($action, array());        }      }      $this->postDispatch();    }    // whats actually important here is that this action controller is    // shutting down, regardless of dispatching; notify the helpers of this    // state    $this->_helper->notifyPostDispatch();  }  public function run(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request = null, Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response = null)  {    if (null !== $request) {      $this->setRequest($request);    } else {      $request = $this->getRequest();    }    if (null !== $response) {      $this->setResponse($response);    }    $action = $request->getActionName();    if (empty($action)) {      $action = 'index';    }    $action = $action . 'Action';    $request->setDispatched(true);    $this->dispatch($action);    return $this->getResponse();  }  protected function _getParam($paramName, $default = null)  {    $value = $this->getRequest()->getParam($paramName);     if ((null === $value || '' === $value) && (null !== $default)) {      $value = $default;    }    return $value;  }  protected function _setParam($paramName, $value)  {    $this->getRequest()->setParam($paramName, $value);    return $this;  }  protected function _hasParam($paramName)  {    return null !== $this->getRequest()->getParam($paramName);  }  protected function _getAllParams()  {    return $this->getRequest()->getParams();  }  final protected function _forward($action, $controller = null, $module = null, array $params = null)  {    $request = $this->getRequest();    if (null !== $params) {      $request->setParams($params);    }    if (null !== $controller) {      $request->setControllerName($controller);      // Module should only be reset if controller has been specified      if (null !== $module) {        $request->setModuleName($module);      }    }    $request->setActionName($action)        ->setDispatched(false);  }  protected function _redirect($url, array $options = array())  {    $this->_helper->redirector->gotoUrl($url, $options);  }}

Zend_Controller_Action提供了動作和視圖的render功能,以及註冊請求和響應對象,常用助手等等。

動作控制器的常用方法

在動作控制器中常用的方法和屬性如下:

$this->_helper主要完成助手的相關操作例如:

// 只是局部控制器;當初始化載入時,對這個控制器的所有動作有效:$this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender(true);// 全域:$this->_helper->removeHelper('viewRenderer'); // 也是全域,但需要和本地版本協作,以便繁殖這個控制器:Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->setParam('noViewRenderer', true);

通過設定ViewRenderer的noRender標記,可以簡單地為一個獨立的視圖禁止解析(rendering):

class FooController extends Zend_Controller_Action{  public function barAction()  {    // disable autorendering for this action only:    $this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender();  }}

禁止ViewRenderer的主要原因是如果你不需要視圖對象或者如果你不通過視圖指令碼(例如,當使用動作控制器來司服網站服務合約如SOAP,XML-RPC或REST)來解析。大多數情況下,你不需要全域地禁止ViewRenderer,只選擇性地在個別控制器或動作裡禁止它。

請求對象和響應對象的相關操作

無數的對象和變數與對象一起註冊,並且每個都有訪問器方法。

請求對象:getRequest()可用來讀取調用動作請求對象。

響應對象: getResponse()可用來讀取收集最終響應的響應對象。一些典型的調用看起來象這樣:

$this->getResponse()->setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/xml');$this->getResponse()->appendBody($content);

調用參數:前端控制器可能把參數傳給路由器、派遣器和動作控制器。為了讀取這些參數,可使用getInvokeArg($key);另外,用getInvokeArgs()讀取整個參數列表。

請求參數:請求對象手機請求參數,如任何_GET 或 _POST 參數,或者指定在URL的路徑資訊裡的使用者參數。為了讀取這些參數,可使用_getParam($key)或_getAllParams()。也可以用_setParam()來佈建要求參數;當轉寄到另外的動作時這很有用。

用_hasParam($key)來測試是否一個參數存在(對邏輯分支有用)。

Note: _getParam()可帶有一個可選的第二個參數,如果它不是空的,就包含一個預設的值。用它在讀取值之前來消除對_hasParam() 的調用:

// Use default value of 1 if id is not set$id = $this->_getParam('id', 1);// Instead of:if ($this->_hasParam('id') {  $id = $this->_getParam('id');} else {  $id = 1;}

視圖的相關操作

Zend_Controller_Action為視圖繼承提供了一個初步的靈活的機制。有兩個方法來完成這個:initView() 和 render();前者鬆散地載入$view public 屬性,後者基於當前請求的動作來解析視圖,它們使用目錄層次來決定指令碼路徑。

視圖初始化

initView()初始化視圖對象。為了閱讀檢視對象,render()調用initView(),但它可以在任何時候被初始化;預設地,它用Zend_View對象來組裝$view屬性,但任何實現Zend_View_Interface的類可以使用。如果$view已經被初始化,它就簡單地返回屬性。

預設的實現使用下面假設的目錄結構:

applicationOrModule/
controllers/
IndexController.php
views/
scripts/
index/
index.phtml
helpers/
filters/

換句話說,視圖指令碼假定放在views/scripts/子目錄,同時假定 views子目錄還包含兄弟功能(助手和過濾器)。確定視圖指令碼名稱和路徑時,先以 views/scripts/作為基路徑,然後加上以視圖指令碼對應控制器命名的目錄。

解析(Rendering)視圖

render() 有下列特徵:has the following signature:

string render(string $action = null,       string $name = null,       bool $noController = false);

render()解析視圖指令碼。如果沒有傳遞參數,它假定請求的指令碼是[controller]/[action].phtml (.phtml是$viewSuffix屬性的值)。為$action傳遞一個值將解析在[controller]子目錄中的模板。為用[controller]重寫,傳遞一個true值給$noController。最後,模板被解析到響應對象;如果你希望解析到一個在響應對象裡指定的named segment,傳遞一個值給$name。

Note: 因為控制器和動作名字裡可能包含分隔字元如'_'、 '.' 和 '-',當決定視圖名字時,render()把它們規格化成 '-'.在內部,它使用派遣器的字和路徑分隔字元來做規格化。這樣,對/foo.bar/baz-bat的請求將解析指令碼foo-bar/baz-bat.phtml。如果動作方法包含camelCasing,記住當決定視圖指令檔名的時候,這將變成由'-'分隔的字。

一些例子:

class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action{  public function fooAction()  {    // Renders my/foo.phtml    $this->render();    // Renders my/bar.phtml    $this->render('bar');    // Renders baz.phtml    $this->render('baz', null, true);    // Renders my/login.phtml to the 'form' segment of the    // response object    $this->render('login', 'form');    // Renders site.phtml to the 'page' segment of the response    // object; does not use the 'my/' subirectory    $this->render('site', 'page', true);  }  public function bazBatAction()  {    // Renders my/baz-bat.phtml    $this->render();  }}

其它

_forward($action, $controller = null, $module = null, array $params = null) :執行另外一個動作。如果在preDispatch()裡調用,當前請求的動作將被跳過來支援新的動作。否則,在當前動作被處理之後,在_forward()請求的動作將被執行。

_redirect($url, array $options = array()):重新導向到另外一個地方。這個方法用URL和一組可選的選項。預設地,它執行HTTP 302 重新導向。

選項可包括一個或多個下面這些:

exit:是否立即退出。如果被請求,它將乾淨地關閉任何開啟的會話和執行重新導向。

可以用setRedirectExit()訪問器在控制器裡全域地設定這個選項。

prependBase:是否預先考慮基礎URL和URL提供的請求對象一起註冊。

使用setRedirectPrependBase()訪問器,在控制器裡全域地設定這個選項。

code:在重新導向時要用什麼HTTP代碼。預設使用302;可以用從301到306之間的任何代碼。

使用setRedirectCode()訪問器,在控制器裡全域地設定這個選項。

擴充自訂Zend_Controller_Action

為了建立動作控制器,設計上,Zend_Controller_Action 必須被繼承。至少,需要定義控制器可能調用的動作方法。

除了為web應用程式建立有用的函數外,你可能發現在不同的控制器裡重複同樣的設定和實用方法;如果這樣,建立一個繼承(extends)Zend_Controller_Action 的基礎類可能會解決問題。

Example #1 如何處理不存在的動作

如果控制器的請求包括一個未定義的動作方法,Zend_Controller_Action::__call()將被調用。__call()當然是PHP中用來重載方法的魔術方法。

預設地,這個方法拋出一個Zend_Controller_Action_Exception 來表明在控制器裡沒有發現要求的方法。如果要求的方法以'Action'結尾,就假設一個動作被請求並且不存在;這樣的錯誤導致帶有代碼為 404 的異常。所有其它方法導致帶有代碼為 500 的異常。這使你很容易地在錯誤控制代碼裡區分是頁面沒有發現還是程式錯誤。

如果想執行其它操作,你應該重寫這個函數。例如,如果你想顯示錯誤資訊,可以象下面這樣來寫:

class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action{  public function __call($method, $args)  {    if ('Action' == substr($method, -6)) {      // If the action method was not found, render the error      // template      return $this->render('error');    }    // all other methods throw an exception    throw new Exception('Invalid method "'              . $method              . '" called',              500);  }}

另外的可能性就是你可能想轉寄到預設控制頁面:

class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action{  public function indexAction()  {    $this->render();  }  public function __call($method, $args)  {    if ('Action' == substr($method, -6)) {      // If the action method was not found, forward to the      // index action      return $this->_forward('index');    }    // all other methods throw an exception    throw new Exception('Invalid method "'              . $method              . '" called',              500);  }}

為了定製控制器,除了重寫__call()以外,本章前面說涉及的初始化、公用程式、訪問器、視圖和派遣鉤子等方法都可以被重寫。作為例子,如果把視圖對象儲存到註冊表裡,你可能想用象下面的代碼來修改initView():

abstract class My_Base_Controller extends Zend_Controller_Action{  public function initView()  {    if (null === $this->view) {      if (Zend_Registry::isRegistered('view')) {        $this->view = Zend_Registry::get('view');      } else {        $this->view = new Zend_View();        $this->view->setBasePath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../views');      }    }    return $this->view;  }}

更多關於zend相關內容感興趣的讀者可查看本站專題:《Zend FrameWork架構入門教程》、《php優秀開發架構總結》、《Yii架構入門及常用技巧總結》、《ThinkPHP入門教程》、《php物件導向程式設計入門教程》、《php+mysql資料庫操作入門教程》及《php常見資料庫操作技巧匯總》

希望本文所述對大家PHP程式設計有所協助。

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