When the MPLS network is troubleshooting, it should follow from the control plane and the network plane to troubleshoot.
Let's take a look at what two planes do.
Above is the control plane, below is the network plane.
From the forwarding plane is the network plane, there will only be two kinds of messages, inbound for the IP packet, and inbound for the MPLS tag packet, then the corresponding two messag
Router (config) #aaa New-model enable AAARouter (config) #aaa authentication attempts login 2 try to log in 2 timesRouter (config) #aaa authentication fail-message C input wrong password error messageEnter TEXT message. End with the character ' C '.Login invalid!CRouter (config) #aaa authentication password-prompt logi
System.out.println ("Please enter a number between 1-9:"); Prompts the user to enter a number between 1--9 Scanner sc=new Scanner (system.in); int shu=sc.nextint (); Accept the user input number as the "radix" int a=shu in the topic; Defines a variable a equals the number of user input. int sum=0; Define variables to be added as numbers and System.out.println ("Please enter the number of
/*************************************** ** *** AUTHER: liuyongshui* ****** DATE: 2013 \ 4 \ 7* ** LANGUAGE: C* ** QUESTION: s = a + aa + aaa + aaaa +...****************************************/
# Include
Int main (){Int I;Int num;Int;Int B = 0;Int k = 10;Int sum = 0;
Printf ("enter an integer greater than 0 and less than 10 :");Scanf ("% d", );Printf ("Enter the number of cycles you want (that is, the last number consists of num ):");Scanf ("% d",
Code:public void transferstring (String str) {//0. Conditional initialization char[] CARR = Str.tochararray (); Convert string to character array processing char[] Flagarr = new Char[carr.length]; A character array tag that determines whether to convert for (int i = 0; i String conversion: ' AA ' in the string is converted to ' BB ', but not converted if ' a ', ' AAA ', etc.
Question: calculate the value of S = a + AA + AAA + AAAA + AA... A, where A is a number. For example, 2 + 22 + 222 + 2222 + 22222 (at this timeA total of 5 numbers are added.1.ProgramAnalysis: the key is to calculate the value of each item.2. ProgramSource code:
1 # Include 2 Int Main () 3 { Int A, N, Count = 1 ; 4 Long Int Sn = 0 , Tn =0 ; 5 Printf ( " Please input a and N \ n " ); 6 Scanf ( " % D, % d " , , N ); 7 Printf ( "
Source: http://wenwen.soso.com/z/q166758313.htm? PID = Wenwen. autologin
AAA uses the port-based network access control protocol (Port-based network access control protocol ).Control Protocol ).
He is authenticated through eapol message interaction.
802.1x authentication has three important roles: requester, authenticator, and authentication server.
1. The client su sends an EAP packet to initiate authentication (the standard protocol multicast addre
need to log on to the device for operation. The device acts as a client for TACACS + and sends the user name and password to the TACACS + server for verification. Users can log on to the device after they have been authenticated and authorized to do so.(3) Tacacs and radius comparison:2. Start the construction process:sudo apt-get install TACACS +(1) Editing the configuration filesudo vi/etc/tacacs+/tac_plus.confTesting123 is the tacacs + server and the tacacs + Client (our ursalink router ) t
Before learning MPLS, you should know that MPLS has two modes of operation.
1, Frame mode--gt; in the third-level group header (such as IP packet header) before the tag to forward.
2.---gt; in the MPLS network composed of ATM LSR, MPLS is used to exchange Vpi/vci information in the control plane instead of using ATM
Absrtact: Broadband IP metropolitan Area network, routing planning and design is the core link. In the beginning of the network, must be integrated planning. According to the construction of the metropolitan area Network, the routing strategy based on Bgp/mpls VPN is adopted, which is proved to be feasible by practice.
Key words: BGP MPLS VPN IP Routing strategy
1 Broadband metropolitan Area Network overv
The code from chapter 7 of Intel assembly language programming (fifth edition) uses the AAA (ASCII adjust after addition) command to adjust the results after the ASCII addition. The source code is as follows:
Title ASCII addition (ascii_add.asm)
; Perform ASCII arithmetic on strings having
; An implied fixed decimal point
Include irvine32.inc
Decimal_offset = 5; offset from right of string
. Data
Decimal_one Byte "100123456789765"; 1001234567.897
Generally divided into: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, of which 5 and 7 are particularly commonly used, the so-called AA battery is 5, and AAA battery is 7! Both AA and AAA indicate the battery model.
For example:
AA is what we call battery 5. The general size is 14mm in diameter and the height is 49mm;
AAA is what we call battery 7. The general size is 11mm in diameter an
AN-AAA (Access Network-authentication, accounting, authorization server) access network authentication, authorization and accounting server, the current use of RADIUS server. AN-AAA authentication for EV-DO users, complete the authentication function of EV-DO user terminal identity legitimacy, that is, an-level authentication. At the same time, AN-AAA to complete
The principle of the protection of TE is already mentioned. Today's focus is to explain how the Frr-fast-reroute in Te Protection is configured, and how to look at the state.
Before introducing the configuration, it is important to note that FRR fast rerouting is a protection mechanism.
Imagine if the R2 to R6 is an ordinary IGP network. After the middle link down, what is the situation?
It should be the first problem the router sends the LSA through the other interface and then reddening to
Cea1:r01 (R01---E0/2---R06)
CEB1:R07 (R07---e0/0---R06) temporarily end with this CE end
ISP:R06---E1/1---R02---e1/0---R08
CEA2:R03 (R03---E0/2---R08)
CEB2:S09 (R08---e0/0---S09) temporarily end with this CE end
1, the core of the SP to run a IGP first, so that the core of the routers within the route to reach
2, the SP's PE end runs between the MP-BGP (VPNV4,MP-BGP neighbor must use the ring back to establish)
3, the SP PE end to create VRF, and CE-connected interface into the VRF
4, in
MPLS (Multi-propocol Label Switching) is a Multi-Protocol Label exchange.MPLS is a third-generation network architecture and a new generation of IP High-Speed Backbone Network Exchange Standard, proposed by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet Engineering Task Group, led by Cisco, ascend, 3Com, and other network equipment manufacturers.MPLS is an integrated IP over ATM technology. It combines routing functions on Frame Relay and ATM switch,
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