A combination of so-called classes refers to the fact that member data in a class is an object of another class or a pointer or reference to another class.The combination of classes allows for a more complex abstraction based on an existing abstraction. For example:1, by value combination#include 2, by reference combinationClass zooanimal{public://private:endangered *_endangered1;//By pointer combination endangered _endangered2;//by reference combination};See also an example: If the bird can fly
time, you may be able to adopt the ostrich policy to ignore this issue. In the code above, the 3rd methods are based on the knowledge of the CRT library, but it is not guaranteed that this is a good method, because the CRT of each version of VC may be changed. It seems that unless your mind is clear enough to remember all this, or you can check the CRT code every time you call a C function, otherwise, it i
friends, including Cao Yong, the cooking master who taught me how to cook.
Originally, we just talked about it very casually and made some memories. when we were about to finish eating, he suddenly told me: I have made so many years of food, I have some experience to tell you. Many people may intentionally or unintentionally escape their weaknesses or become very sensitive. once someone else raises them, they may think more and get excited. such a person is often unable to make a major event. L
library, or you only create a small number of threads at a time, you may be able to adopt the ostrich policy to ignore this issue. In the code above, the 3rd methods are based on the knowledge of the CRT library, but it is not guaranteed that this is a good method, because the CRT of each version of VC may be changed. It seems that unless your mind is clear enough to remember all this, or you can check the
, createthreadfuncwithenderson thread, 0, 0, 0); // 3}Return 0;}
If you use the multi-thread + static link CRT option of VC to compile this program and try to open a line in 1, 2, and 3, you will find that only 2 is enabled, the program will cause memory leakage (you can obviously observe it in the task manager ). 3. The reason why Memory leakage does not occur is because _ endthread is actively called.
VII. Summary
If you use the DLL-connected CRT library, or you only create a small number of t
A good programmer generally consists of four aspects: Operation Skills, Knowledge Level, experience layer and ability. I would like to share with you some of the principles in design. I think these things are lessons learned from long-term experience. Every programmer should understand these principles. However, we recommend that you do not adopt dogmatism. You must consider the actual situation when using it. In fact,The following principles can not
"Softwareprofessional" class. The "is a" relationship is important in class design, but it is easy to get carried away, resulting in incorrect design using incorrect inheritance.Look at one of the most classic examples:Class structure diagram that follows the Liskov substitution principle.Note: Here, the KingFisher (Kingfisher) class extends the bird base class and inherits the Fly () method, which is fine.But there is a design problem with this class diagram:Class structure diagram that violat
easy to get confused, and incorrect inheritance causes incorrect design.
"Liskov replacement principle"It is the method that ensures that inheritance can be used correctly.
Farhana: I understand. Interesting.
Shubho: Yes, dear, indeed. Let's look at an example:
Structure of the liskov replacement principle class
Here, the kingfisher class extends the bird base class and inherits the fly () method, which looks okay.
Now let's look at the following example:
Class Structure Diagram in violation
the basic principles of OOP. That is, polymorphism, right? Why do we need to say this in an object-oriented principle?
Shubho:Yes. This is your answer:
In the basic object-oriented principle, "inheritance" is usually the relationship of "is. If "Developer" is a "softwareprofessional", the "Developer" class should inherit the "softwareprofessional" class. In class design, the "is a" relationship is very important, but it is easy to get confused, and the use of wrong inheritance results in wr
In PHP, duplicate functions cannot be defined, or methods that cannot be defined in the same class, so there is no method overload. A method with the same name as the parent class can be defined in the subclass. Because the parent class method already exists in the subclass, the method inherited from the parent class can be rewritten in the subclass.
The method to overload the parent class in the subclass is to overwrite the method inherited from the parent class in the subclass. Can the method
the general method "flying" of the bird ". When the "ostrich" class is used as its subclass, the "flying" method will be inherited, but as long as the "flying" method in the "ostrich" class is called, the ostrich will fly away. Although the ostrich does not fly, other features have the "bird" feature. Therefore, when
#. When the table wants to index A value such as table [Key], Lua will first look for the key value in the table itself, if the table does not have a retriable with the _ index attribute, Lua searches for the table based on the function logic defined by _ index. if you think about it, isn't this an implementation method for the core idea inheritance in Object-Oriented Systems. there are many ways to implement object-oriented in Lua, But no matter which one can do without _ index.
In this exam
This article mainly introduces the content of the method [parent: method name] for reloading the parent class of PHP Subclass. This article is a small part of this article, but it is not bad. all of them are shared with you, for your reference, PHP does not support defining duplicate-name functions, or methods that cannot be defined in the same class. Therefore, there is no method overload. A method with the same name as the parent class can be defined in the subclass. because the parent class m
This article mainly introduces the content of the method [parent: method name] for reloading the parent class of PHP subclass. This article is a small part of this article, but it is not bad. All of them are shared with you, for your reference, PHP does not support defining duplicate-name functions, or methods that cannot be defined in the same class. Therefore, there is no method overload. A method with the same name as the parent class can be defined in the subclass. Because the parent class m
The method "parent: method name" for the subclass to overload the parent class is transferred to ncong PHP learning tutorial-ZJH_BLOGS cannot define a function with the same name in PHP, this also includes methods that cannot be defined in the same class, so there is no method overload. A method with the same name as the parent class can be defined in the subclass. because the parent class method already exists in the subclass, the method inherited from the parent class can be rewritten in the s
Method of the parent class to be reloaded by subclass in PHP [parent: method name], neutron parent
In PHP, duplicate functions cannot be defined, or methods that cannot be defined in the same class, so there is no method overload. A method with the same name as the parent class can be defined in the subclass. Because the parent class method already exists in the subclass, the method inherited from the parent class can be rewritten in the subclass.
The method to overload the parent class in the s
This article mainly introduces the multiple inheritance in Python, is the basic knowledge of Python learning, code based on python2.x version, the need for friends can refer to the
Inheritance is an important way of object-oriented programming, because subclasses can extend the functionality of a parent class by inheriting it.
Recall the animal class design, assuming that we want to achieve the following 4 kinds of animals:
Dog-Dog;
Bat-bat;
Parrot-Parrot;
You cannot define a function with the same name in PHP, or a method that cannot define a duplicate name in the same class, so there is no method overload. In subclasses, you can define a method that has the same name as the parent, because the method of the parent class already exists in the subclass so that you can override the method inherited from the parent class in the subclass.
The way to overload a parent class in a subclass is to overwrite the method inherited from the parent class in t
This article mainly introduces the PHP neutron class overloaded Parent method (Parent:: Method name) of the relevant content, all share to everyone, for your reference
You cannot define a function in PHP that has the same name, or a method that cannot be defined in the same class, so there is no method overload. A method that has the same name as the parent class can be defined in a subclass, because the parent class's methods are already present in the subclass so that the methods inherited fr
Inheritance is an important way of object-oriented programming because, by inheritance, subclasses can extend the functionality of the parent class.Recall the Animal class-level design, assuming we want to implement the following 4 kinds of animals:
Dog-Dogs;
Bat-bat;
Parrot-Parrot;
Ostrich-Ostrich.
If we classify mammals and birds, we can design a hierarchy of such classes:But if
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