c primer plus sixth edition

data to the file string str ; Ifile>>str ; //read data from a file: As with CIN, you encounter a blank getline (ifile,str ); Span class= "Hljs-comment" >//the file that is associated with the file input stream is read into a line to str coutstr ; //output to standard output device Note: After opening the file, remember to check whether the open is successfulif (!ifle)//If unsuccessful then prompt. In addition, once the fstream is open, it remains associated with the specified file, to as

the built-in logical and, logical, or comma operators are not guaranteed to be evaluated. Class members and non-member overloaded operatorsOverloaded unary operator If there is no (explicit) parameter as a member function, there is a formal parameter as a non-member function. Similarly, the overloaded two-tuple operator has a formal parameter when defined as a member, and two parameters when defined as a non-member function. The principle of setting an operator to a class member or a no

C11: If the parameter type is the same, you can pass a standard library type named Initializer_list, and if the type is different, you can use the Variadic template, see Chapter 16. Here's how to use it:Overloaded version takes only a list of the stringsvoid error_msg (initializer_list3. Function pointersC11 the return type in the tail, as stated below:Use trailing return Typeauto GETFCN (const string), String::size_type (*) (const string, const string );The other two declarations of the functi

cannot be dereferenced or self-increment.(4), other operations of the iteratorAnother pair of executable iterators is the comparison: with = = or! = operator to compare two iterators, if the two iterator objects point to the same element, they are equal, otherwise they are not equal.5.1 Standard library Bitset typeSome programs handle an ordered set of bits, each of which may contain a value of 0 (off) or 1 (on). A bit is a concise way to hold yes/no information (sometimes called a flag) for a

comparing their element pairs.3.5 container-sized operationsAll container types provide four container-size-related operations. The size of the sequential container operation C.size () Returns the number of elements in container C. return type is C::size_type C.max_size () Returns the maximum number of elements that container C can hold, with a return type of C::size_type C.empty () Returns a Boolean value that marks whether