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[Linux Network Programming] Use GDB to debug programs and network programming gdb
Linux has a powerful debugging tool, GDB (GNU Debugger), which can debug C and C ++ programs.
The main functions of GDB are as follows:
To use GDB, you must add the-g option (gcc-g xxx. c) to compile the program. When this option is set,
Blocking functions: Connect, Accept,send/recv/sendto/recvfrom and other read-write functions.Functions that do not block: Bind, Listen,socket, closesocket.The Linux network communication model is:Blocking IO Model (synchronous), non-blocking IO model (copy synchronization), IO multiplexing model (multithreaded synchronization), signal driven IO model (copy synchronization), Asynchronous IO Model (async).nod
1000baset/half 1000baset/full Advertised auto-negotiation:yesspeed:100mb/sduplex:fullport:twisted pairphyad:1transceiver:internalauto-negotiation: Onsupports wake-on:gwake-on:gcurrent message level:0x000000ff (255) Link Detected:yesThe example above shows that the NIC has 10baset,100baset and 1000baseT three options and is currently adaptive to 100baseT (SPEED:100MB/S). You can force the NIC to work under 1000baseT with the Ethtool tool:#/sbin/ethtool-s eth0 speed, duple
1000baset/half 1000baset/full Advertised auto-negotiation:yesspeed:100mb/sduplex:fullport:twisted pairphyad:1transceiver:internalauto-negotiation: Onsupports wake-on:gwake-on:gcurrent message level:0x000000ff (255) Link Detected:yesThe example above shows that the NIC has 10baset,100baset and 1000baseT three options and is currently adaptive to 100baseT (SPEED:100MB/S). You can force the NIC to work under 1000baseT with the Ethtool tool:#/sbin/ethtool-s eth0 speed, duple
the first NICs,-C indicates a loop, and 2 indicates ping6 is operated twice. The result is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 ping6 command in IPv6
(3) Use the ip command to add an IP address for eth0 in IPv6# IP-6 ADDR add 3ffe: FFFF: 0: f101 :: 1/64 Dev eth0
Run the ifconfig command to check whether the second IPv6 address appears on the NIC.
The main advantage of Linux net
} '| sh
1117 how to create multiple X (noclouds)Startx is the first X starting from display: 0.0 by default. Multiple X can be created by passing parameters to xserver:# Startx --: 1.0# Startx --: 2.0...Then switch with Ctrl-Alt-F7/f8.
1118 let a program continue running after logging out (noclouds, Chen Xu)# # DisownOrNohup command
1119 check the screen display information when Linux is started (Chen Xu)R
the packet loss rate during ping.
5. route # operate the route table
Route add default gw 192.168.14.100 # add a gateway without modifying the configuration file
[But it is better to modify the configuration file]
Zerba routing software]
6. traceroute # view the route path
Traceroute www.163.com # it lists all the routers and latencies that pass through the host.
7. netstat # monitor the network status
Netstat-an # view all connections
Netstat-an
, but cannot be modified. You only need to ensure the uniqueness of the MAC address in the network.
4. initial deployment of IPv6The IPv4 technology has played a huge role in the development of the network. However, over time, it becomes increasingly inadequate in terms of network address provision, service quality, and security.
performance and low cost.
Many such designs include previous real-time operating system platforms. There are some questions about whether embedded Linux can meet these real-time performance requirements. Many control-level applications focus more on throughput, but do not require hard real-time processing (aside from the previous real-time operation options ). Newer, the
host to send a request to close the connection to the other party(2) When the other party receives a request to close the link, it sends a confirmation packet to receive the request and closes the socket link.(3); Request the host to confirm the packet, send a confirmation packet, tell the other party to send a confirmation packet received, request the host to close his socket connection.8 Socket Programming9. Writing Secure CodeCauses of security problems:A user or administrator lacks security
between sending and receiving information.-I: the network interface uses the specified network interface to send data packets.-L: the data packet that is sent before the request information is sent.-N: only numbers are output.-P: set the pattern for filling data packets.-Q: The command execution process is not displayed, except for information related to the beginning and end.-R: Ignore common Routing tabl
1. Network Interfaces and configuration tools;
Network interfaces are the representation of network hardware devices in the operating system. For example, if the network adapter uses ethx in the Linux operating system, it is a positive integer starting from 0, for example,
Linux basics: Linux network basic configurations Ethernet connections in Linux, Ethernet interfaces are named eth0, eth1, etc, 0, 1 indicates the NIC number. you can use the lspci command to view the NIC hardware information (if it is a usb Nic, you may need to use the lsusb command) ifconfig command (interf...
Everyone knows the compiling steps of various network server programs and knows that there are two types of network servers: cyclic services and concurrent services. Here is a summary of the source code.First of all, the process of Loop Network Server programming is as follows: This type of server model is a typical Loop Service. Without the multi-process/thread
Linux bond network configuration when the linux system has multiple independent NICs, and want to make full use of these NICs, at the same time provide a unified network address, so as to increase the network throughput, at the sa
hardwareLinux can use any network hardware with a driver. The Linux driver is compiled into the kernel either independently or in the form of a load module. The Linux kernel supports many popular NICs by default. When selecting network hardware, it is best to always use the devices listed in "hardware compatibility li
Linux system-network basic configuration and troubleshooting, and linux basic configuration troubleshooting
In linux, there are three types of network configuration: one is to directly implement the configuration file using command lines on the terminal, and the other is to
receiving Flowchart
After the network device receives the data, the DMA module searches for the received BD table, extracts the idle BD table, automatically saves the data to the cache of the BD, and changes the BD to the ready state, and trigger the interrupt at the same time (this step is optional ).
The processor can check the status of the received BD table by means of interruption or polli
(times per request):Calculation formula: The amount of time spent processing all requests (total number of requests/concurrent users), i.e.:Time per request=time taken for tests/(complete requests/concurrency level)3. Average Server request Wait time (Request:across all concurrent requests):Calculation formula: The amount of time/Total requests processed to complete all requests, namely:Time taken For/testscomplete requestsAs you can see, it is the reciprocal of the
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