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A. Practical Byzantine fault tolerance 1. What's its checkpoint? We will refer to the States produced by the execution of these requests as checkpoints and we will say that a checkpoint with a proof is a stable checkpoint. when the replication code invokes the make_checkpoint upcall, snfsd gets all the copy-on-write bits and creates a (volatile)
simultaneously write these two log files, LGWR will not write different groups of log files at the same time.In different cases, when the redo log is invalid, the LGWR lock uses the following actions:1) LGWR can write at least one member file in the group: The write operation is completed normally. LGWR writes accessible member files to the group and ignores inaccessible member files.2) during log switching, LGWR cannot access the next group because the group needs to be archived: temporarily s
files, LGWR will not write different groups of log files at the same time.In different cases, when the redo log is invalid, the LGWR lock uses the following actions:1) LGWR can write at least one member file in the group: The write operation is completed normally. LGWR writes accessible member files to the group and ignores inaccessible member files.2) during log switching, LGWR cannot access the next group because the group needs to be archived: temporarily stop the database operation and wait
1. How to generate or modify SQL statementsUse Insert-> checkpoint-databasecheckpoint to generate a database checkpoint. During the generation process, you must set a query statement and obtain a query result table based on the query statement, the data in this table is the expected data. In the future, when running the script, qtp obtains actual data from the current database based on the query statement,
1.1.Log CheckpointInnoDB transaction log refers to Redolog, which is called log , stored in the log file ib_logfile* inside. InnoDB There is another log of undo logs, but the undo log is stored in the shared tablespace (ibdata* file).Because Log and Checkpoint are closely related, these two parts are analyzed together.Noun Explanation:LSN, log sequence number,Innodb 's log sequence number is a full-bit integer.1.1.1.Write mechanism1.1.1.1.Log Write
its multivariate copy. Each redo log group is defined by a number, such as Group 1, group 2, and so on. Each log file must be active so that LGWR can write both log files at the same time LGWR does not write to different groups of log files at the same time.In different cases, when the redo log is invalid, the LGWR lock takes the following actions:1) LGWR can write to at least one member file in the group: The write operation is completed normally. LGWR writes an accessible member file in the g
Before analyzing the implementation of linux2.4.x network security, introduce some important concepts included in it: NetFilter, iptables, match, Target, Nf_sockopt_ops, and the implementation of network security function points. A detailed explanation will be described in the following analysis. The first is NetFilter, which defines the checkpoints in the protocol stack and the data structures referenced on checkpoints, as well as the process of referencing these structures on checkpoints. Ipta
Tags: style blog http io ar color OS using SPThis article is the second in a series of articles in case you haven't read the first article. The previous article address is as follows:On transaction log in SQL Server (i)----the physical and logical architecture of transaction logsIntroductionEach SQL Server database records the corresponding log to the log file in the order in which it modifies data (insert,update,delete). SQL Server uses Write-ahead logging technology to ensure the atomicity and
masterpiece parameter.You can use the catch command to break gdb when the fork,vfork or exec call is made.4.11 Setting bookmarks for jumpsIn some operating systems (currently only on Gnu/linux), GDB can save a snapshot of the state of a program, called a checkpoint, which can then be skipped back.Jumping back to the checkpoint will undo all changes after the checkpoint
=> l_queue_msg, msgid => l_message_handle); commit;end;/select * from t; Delete job: conn /as sysdbabegin dbms_scheduler.drop_job(job_name => '"SYS"."PERFORM_DATA_LOAD"', force => true);end;/ To sum up the notes for using the job Scheduling shell in oracle db: 1. Add # At the beginning of the shell script #! /Bin/bash and other specified shell types2. All related environment variables must be explicitly specified in shell.3. If you want to write files,
Label: Copyright notice: Respect Bo Master Labor results, welcome reprint, reproduced please indicate the source-love technology of Andy Log Checkpoint InnoDB transaction log refers to redo log, which is called log, stored in the log file ib_logfile* inside. InnoDB there's another one. Undo Log The Undo log is stored in the shared tablespace (ibdata* file). Because log and checkpo
mode of OLED display is divided into passive matrix (PM-OLED) and active matrix (AM-OLED. The pixel size of the OLED display can be dozens to hundreds of micrometers, and the display resolution can reach more than 300 PPI (the number of pixels per inch ). Based on these advantages, OLED has been widely used in mobile electronic devices such as MP3 and mobile phones, and has gradually extended to large-size display fields such as PC monitors, laptops, and televisions. TN panel and
Instance recovery is used to recover from a crash failure or an instance in a parallel server environment fails, so instance recovery can refer either to crash recovery or to instance recovery in a parallel server environment (as long as one surviving instance can recover one or more failed instances). The goal of instance recovery is to restore the block of data in a failed instance in the data buffer and close the open thread. Instance recovery uses only the online archive log and the current
().-Consistency issues with logical logsThe consistency of the logical log is very complex, and why does the undo log use logical logging?Since redo log uses physiological logs and MTR, you can guarantee that the redo log will be re-completed upon recovery.Data is consistent. When you do undo, you don't have to think about it.04–checkpointTheoretically, if the MySQL database InnoDB storage engine buffer is large enough, you do not need to persist the data itself. Re-execute all redo logs againY
What checkpoint does: refresh the dirty pages in the buffer pool back to the disk. The difference is that the number of dirty pages Retrieved each time to the disk, and when to trigger the checkpoint. Checkpoint: 1. shorten the database recovery time (what checkpoint does when the database goes down: refresh the dirty
Author: runming QQ: 226399587 http://blog.csdn.net/runming918As an important mechanism in oracle, SCN (System Chang Number) plays an important role in Data recovery, Data Guard, Streams replication, and synchronization between RAC nodes. Understanding the operating mechanism of SCN can help you gain a deeper understanding of the above functions.Before understanding SCN, Let's first look at how data changes in oracle transactions write data files:1. Start the transaction;2. Find the required data
according to the table:Initial time Load phase: During the initial data load phase, the extract process extracts data directly from the data table on the source side.Synchronization change capture phase: After initial data synchronization is complete, the extract process is responsible for capturing the source-side data changes (DML and DDL)Goldengate does not support DDL operations on all databasesThe extract process captures all configured object changes that need to be synchronized, but only
db_name(database_id)5 ORDER by Count(page_id)DESCDatabase Dirty PagesPeople 2524Tempdb 61Master 1As indicated above, there are 20M dirty pages in the People database (2524 * 8/1024).These dirty pages (Dirty page) are periodically written back to the database whenever there is insufficient cache idle or checkpoint (checkpoint). For faster allocation of pages, SQL Server always keeps a certain number of ava
also temporarily written to the redo log_buffer, the file will be synchronized to the file only when a certain event is triggered. The size of the transaction log file is closely related to the overall IO performance of Innodb. Theoretically, the larger the log file, the less refresh actions required by the Buffer Pool, and the higher the performance. However, we cannot ignore another thing, that is, the recovery after the system Crash. Innodb records every modification made to the data and ind
exist in the buffer cache. This is clearly unreasonable. As you can see from here, this starting point actually shows that the dirty blocks in the buffer cache that correspond to the redo entries in the log file before this starting point have been written to the data file, so that there is no need to consider the recovery after the instance crash. And after this beginning of the redo items corresponding to the dirty block is not actually written to the data file, if in the recovery after the
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