requires three main components: the combination logic that computes the function that operates on the bit, the memory element that stores the bits, and the clock signal that controls the update of the memory element.
And, or, not three kinds of logic gates can be implemented with a gate (with a non-gate, or not gate).
Multiplexer. The multiplexer selects one from a different set of data signals based o
apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap libconfig9 sslh0 upgraded, 11 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.Need to get 1,568 kB of archives.After this operation, 5,822 kB of additional disk space will be used.Do you want to continue [Y/n]? yAfter SSLH is installed, the Package Manager will ask whether it is allowed in inetd or standalone mode. Select standalone mode because you want SSLH to run in its own process. If
With the advent of IO multiplexing technology, there are many event processing modes. The synchronous I/O model is typically implemented by the reactor pattern, while the asynchronous I/O model is implemented by the proactor pattern.
Reactor mode:
As shown above, the reactor mode is also called a reactor or reactor, the processor that implements the registration descriptor (HANDLE) and the event (EventHandler), and when an event occurs, the event Reator Demultiplexer) responds by i
compatible.SATA II is developed on the basis of SATA, and its main feature is that the external transfer rate is further increased from 1.5G SATA to 3G, including NCQ (Native command Queuing, native commands queue), Port multiplexer (ports Multiplier), staggered start (staggered spin-up) and a series of technical features. Pure external transfer rate of 3Gbps is not true SATA II.The key technology of SATA II is the external transfer rate and NCQ tech
-bit bus width, byte, half byte, and word transmission support. The AHB system consists of a master module, a module and an infrastructure (Infrastructure) 3 part, the transmission of the entire AHB bus is issued by the main module, from the module responsible for response. The infrastructure consists of an arbiter (arbiter), a master module, a multiplexer from a module, a multiplexer from a module to a mas
source .For PS streams, each PES header contains pts and DTS, stream identification codes , which are used to differentiate es in different properties. the PES package is then re-used into PS package via PS multiplexer . The fact is that the PES package is decomposed into a smaller PS package .at the time of decoding, the multiplexer decomposes PS into a PES package, unpacking and then splitting the PES pa
mainly used to implement some advanced routing framework and some related network functions, complete the user space Layer NetLink Reflector module sent a variety of network requests.In the user space layer, keepalived is divided into 4 parts, namely Scheduler I/O multiplexer, Memory Management, Control plane and core components.Scheduler I/o multiplexer: is an I/O multiplexed distribution Scheduler, which
below.In the user space layer, keepalived is divided into four parts, namely scheduler I/O multiplexer, Memory Management, Control plane and core components. where Scheduler I/O multiplexer is an I/O multiplexing Distribution Scheduler, it is responsible for scheduling keepalived all internal task requests. The memory management is a mechanism for managing memories, a framework that provides some common me
client has a connection request when the server needs to start a thread to process, if the connection does not do anything will cause unnecessary thread overhead, of course, can be improved through the thread pool mechanism.Synchronous non-blocking IO (Java NIO): Synchronous non-blocking, the server implementation mode is a request for a thread, that is, the connection request sent by the client is registered to the multiplexer, and the
The answer is very good. Sockets and Socketchannel are two sets of APIs, for network TCP communication is not concerned about what API you use to achieve communication. So the answer is yes. Socketchannel can be set to non-blocking, so in some cases the performance is better and the thread will not be suspended. Socketchannel can also register selector and events of interest. Selector Multiplexer There is not much to introduce.The flow of data in the
video format conversion, the video capture picture, gives the video watermark and so on.Basic concepts of FFmpeg:Container (Container): Is the file format, in the FFmpeg, the container used to abstract the file format is avformatcontext;Stream: The data stream is the multimedia data stream we see, it contains several basic data streams, including: video stream, audio stream, subtitle stream, as I understand it, the abstraction of data flow in FFmpeg is Avstream.
EndDefaultBeginResult EndEndcaseEndEndmoduleFigure 1 Example 4 integrated circuit diagram (all of the combined logic)4. Multi-channel selection, an exampleData selector (also known as: Multiplexer, English: multiplexer, Shorthand: MUX), is a device that selects a signal from a multiple input signal as output. The electrical symbol 2 shows.Figure 2 Electrical symbols for the data selectorThe logical functio
be improved through the thread pool mechanism.
Java NIO: Synchronous non-blocking, the server implementation mode is a request for a thread, that is, the connection request sent by the client is registered on the multiplexer, and the multiplexer polls to the connection with an I/O request to start a thread for processing.
Java AIO (nio.2): Asynchronous non-blocking, server implementation mode for a
longer able to receive any input, even if it is running in the foreground.
REDIRECT standard output and standard error to file nohup.out .
In other words, the nohup command actually separates the child process from the session it is in.Note that the nohup command does not automatically turn the process into a "background task", so you must add a symbol.Seven, screen command and Tmux commandAnother idea is to use the terminal multiplexer
comes back. (Of course, the real world is not, but it is true in computers.) )4 Non-blocking non-blocking state, if there is nothing to read, or not to write, read and write function immediately return, and do not wait, the bank in the withdrawal business, collect a small ticket, we can play mobile phone after the collection, or chat with others, when the wheel we, the bank's horn will be notified, this time we can go.Java support for bio, NIO, AIO:Java BIO: Synchronization and blocking, the se
been accumulated in the send queue to complete;
The message that is being write or read needs to be processed;
Set the scheduled task in the Nioeventloop thread scheduler, which needs to be performed or cleaned up.
Let's look at the main operations and resource objects involved in Netty graceful exit:Netty 's graceful exit summed up three big steps:
The state bit of the NIO thread is set to the St_shutting_down state, and no new messages are processed (the message is not a
IO operations to complete, and then notifies the application when the kernel completes the IO operation.Synchronous blocking IO (JAVA BIO):Synchronization and blocking, the server implementation mode for a connection to a thread, that is, the client has a connection request when the server needs to start a thread to process, if the connection does not do anything will cause unnecessary thread overhead, of course, can be improved through the thread pool mechanism.Synchronous non-blocking IO (Jav
all Chinese technical books translate selector into selectors, but in fact I think this kind of translation is not appropriate, the selector is only literal meaning, can not reflect the function and characteristics of selector.The key to the implementation of Java NiO described above is the multiplexing I/O technology, where the core of multiplexing is to poll the channel registered on it through selector, and when one or more channel is found to be in a ready state, An I/O operation is perform
' queue is the ' full would be refused. The default value is 100.
A lot of data on the Internet shows that the maximum number of threads Linux is 1000,window will be higher than a little more than 2000. This should be based on the performance of the machine CPU and so on.
The actual configuration data should be based on their own machine and load situation to try to find an optimal configuration.
3, Tomcat bio,nio,apr Three kinds of advanced connector operation mode.
Tomcat supports the above
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