It is not a specific network, but a technical specification.
Ethernet is the most common communication protocol standard used by local area networks. This standard defines the cable type and signal processing method used in LAN. Ethernet is 10 ~ 10 Base T Ethernet is the most widely used Ethernet technology because of its low cost, high reliability and 10 Mbps speed. The direct expansion of wireless Ethernet can reach 11 Mbps. Many manufacturing suppliers can use common software protocols for co
DSL access technology, the software can determine the transmission rate of the signal on a specific customer's telephone line and adjust the transmission rate accordingly. The Wested FlexCapZ system uses RADSL to provide the range from 640kb/s ~ The downlink rate of 22 Mb/s, and from 272kb/s ~ The uplink speed of 1.088 Mb/s.
UDSL one-way DSL access) is a recommendation made by a European company. It is a one-way version of HDSL.
Access Network Technology-hybrid Access Technology
HFCsFiber-optic
Interface White Paper: The annual release of vswitch interface types). Today, we will introduce the AUI interface, BNC interface, and Console interface knowledge. You will have a rough understanding of the switch interface type based on the physical diagram.
Vswitch interface type: AUI Interface
The AUI interface is used to connect to a coarse coaxial cable. In the early days, the NIC was connected to a hub or vswitch to form a network. The AUI interf
-end gigabit switches are also using this interface.
4. AUI Interface
The AUI interface is used to connect to a coarse coaxial cable. In the early days, the NIC was connected to a hub or vswitch to form a network.
The AUI interface is a "D" Type 15-pin interface, used in the ring plate network or bus network, can use the external transceiver AUI-to-RJ-45 ), connect to the 10Base-T Ethernet.
5. BNC Interface
BNC is an interface specifically used to co
As early as 1775, the idea of the tourbillon was presented by the clever watchmaker, Mr. Breguet, and we first look at the evolution of the tourbillon: The inventor of the three Dedofei rounds First Dedofei Round Table (tourbillon)In 1795, it was invented and made by Swiss watchmaker Abraham-louis Breguet. The flywheel structure must consist of two basic components, the "flywheel rotating frame" (Tourbillon's carriage) and the "Flywheel mounting bracket" (Tourbillon's Bridge). In this combinat
analog signalDigital signal SignalThick Coax Coarse coaxial cableStateful Firewall State firewallStateless firewall non-stateful firewallRJ (refistered Jack) registered socketsCoax (Coaxial Cable) Coaxial cableUTP (unshielded Twisted paired) unshielded twisted pairOSI (open System Interconnect) Open Systems interconnectLAN (local area network) LANSMTP (Easy Mail
1. networks with different transmission distances can be divided into LAN, man, and wan.
2. Classified by working mode, which can be divided into peer-to-peer network and server-based network
3. Composition of computer networks
1. Server
2. Workstation
3. Road of signals-transmission media
1) coaxial cable:
Fine coaxial cable rg58: Suitable for creating the simplest and most small workgroup-le
There are three types of cables used for network connection: coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, and optical cable.There are two kinds of coaxial cables: coarse cables and fine cables. However, because the network topology of coaxial cables is ring-type, this network expansion card and related equipment are rare now, the connector is also required for connection a
1 Introduction
With the development and maturity of Ethernet technology, it is widely used. The interconnection technology of Ethernet has also evolved from bus-type networks with dedicated coaxial cables to multi-layer switches. The efficiency and reliability of transmission and exchange are greatly improved. In a common commercial network, due to the high performance and scalability of switches, it has gradually become a mainstream technology for Et
be controlled within a certain range.. IEEE defines this standard. In a collision domain, the round-trip time between the farthest two machines must be less than 512bit time. (when the back-to-back time is less than 512 bits, the so-called bit time is the time required to transmit a bit ). This is also the diameter of a collision domain. When there are 512 bits, that is, the transmission time of 64 bytes,If the Ethernet data packet is greater than or equal to 64 bytes, it can ensure that when t
repeater to expand the topological distance of the network. This is because signal attenuation occurs after long-distance transmission. The function of a repeater is to sort out the signals that have been degraded and become incomplete, re-generate a complete signal and continue transmission. A repeater is the predecessor of a general hub. A hub is a multi-port repeater. Take the hub in Figure 1 as an example. A hub generally has a BNC connector, an AUI connector, and an RJ45 interface ranging
required to transmit a bit ). This is also the diameter of a collision domain.
When there are 512 bits, that is, the transmission time of 64 bytes. If the Ethernet data packet is greater than or equal to 64 bytes, it can be ensured that when the collision signal reaches a, the data packet has not been transmitted completely.
Let's take a look at how the 512bit time came from?
First look at a relatively old but popular standard: 10base5, an Ethernet standard, which is used to use a base band loc
multiple status bits that can be identified by selectorBuffer (buffer):A buffer is an area of memory (an array) that is wrapped in NiO as a buffer object. Buffer provides methods to access the memory.In bio, data is stored in a stream, and in NiO, the data is stored in a buffer.In addition to the Boolean other Java seven basic types have the corresponding buffer class. Most commonly used is the BytebufferSelector (multiplexer): Responsible for pollin
any input, even if it is running in the foreground.
REDIRECT standard output and standard error to file nohup.out .
In other words, the nohup command actually separates the child process from the session it is in.Note that the nohup command does not automatically turn the process into a "background task", so you must add a symbol.Seven, screen command and Tmux commandAnother idea is to use the terminal multiplexer (Terminal
operating system are generally full-duplex, so full-duplex channel streams can better map the underlying operating system's APIs.There are two major types of channel:
Selectablechannel: User network read/write
FileChannel: For file operations
The Serversocketchannel and socketchannel that are involved in the following code are subclasses of Selectablechannel.2.4. Multiplexer SelectorSelector is the basis for Java NIO programming.Sel
is that when a connection is created, it does not need to correspond to a thread, this connection will be registered on the multiplexer, so all the connections need only one thread can be done, when the multiplexer in this thread polling, found the connection on the request to open a thread to handle, That is, a request for a threading pattern.In the process of NIO, when a request comes in, open the thread
Java NiO Core Class library Multiplexer selector is based on epoll multiplexing technology implementation
Compared to select, poll system calls, Epoll has the following advantages:
1. The socket descriptor (FD) that supports one process opens is unrestricted and limited to the maximum number of file handles for the operating system.The biggest flaw in select is that there is a limit to the amount of FD opened by a single process, set by Fd_setsize, an
optical receiving devices. The receiver with a rate of 10gbit/s has been applied, and the 100GBIT/S device has a laboratory sample. Optical amplifiers mainly include fiber amplifiers and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA), in which erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) has been widely used in practical projects, the current research hotspot is bandwidth over 80nm UWB EDFA and distributed Raman fiber amplifiers. Due to its small size, gain width and amplification, switch and other functions, S
Proactor and reactor in Aces
Ace_select_reactor is the default reactor implementation that is used by all platforms except Windows and will eventually wait with the Select () system function on those systems. Ace_wfmo_reactor on Windows is the default reactor implementation. The implementation does not use the Select () multiplexer, but instead uses the WaitForMultipleObjects (). When using Ace_wfmo_reactor, some tradeoffs are needed: Ace_wfmo_reac
notifies the reader to read and write, continue to read and write, continuously looping until read-write is completed.Java support for bio, NIO, AIO:Java BIO: Synchronization and blocking, the server implementation mode for a connection to a thread, that is, the client has a connection request when the server needs to start a thread to process, if the connection does not do anything will cause unnecessary thread overhead, of course, can be improved through the thread pool mechanism.Java NIO: Sy
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