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generated: switch from kernel mode to user mode.3. The system call write () produces a context switch: switch from user mode to kernel mode, and then read step 2 to the data copy of user buffer to kernel buffer (the 2nd copy of the data to kernel buffer), but this time A different kernel buffer, this buffer is associated with the socket.4. The system calls write () to return a context switch: switch from kernel mode to user mode, and then DMA copies
"Introduction" Within a switched network, it is possible to segment and organize flexibly through VLANs. VLANs can group devices in a LAN. A group of devices in a VLAN communicates as if it were connected to the same line. VLANs are based on logical connections, not physical connections. Types of VLANsThere are many different types of VLANs used in modern networks. Some VLAN types are defined by traffic category. Some other VLAN types are defined by s
method, otherwise, the stone will be lifted and the foot will be broken. Iii. communication problems with virtual LAN Sometimes, we may not only manage the virtual LAN on one vswitch, but also manage the virtual LAN in three vswitches or even more switch environments. That is to say, when the number of users is large, the same virtual LAN may be distributed across multiple LAN switches. For example, the administrative department is connected to vswit
not support differentiated services, service types, or multi-protocol tag switching, therefore, this type of Stackable switch requires an external router or an additional 3rd-layer switch to obtain the required management features. Manageability Many studies have demonstrated that the costs involved in operation and management cost more in the life of the product than the initial purchase cost of the product. Therefore, manageability is another key factor in evaluating the overall value. The in
can be supported in the Ethernet environment. "In many cases, switch performance cannot be fully realized due to inconsistent terminals," said Li. " In large networks, especially for a large transportation management information system such as TMIS, security is critical. CoreBuilder 3500 layer-3 switches support security level and virtual subnet division. Considering that a department may be scattered across diff
-layer switch can be received by each user. This simplifies the configuration and saves VLAN resources. The specific implementation will not be discussed here. If you are interested, you can provide relevant information. VLAN segmentation is used to isolate communication between VLANs, and layer-3 router devices supporting VLANs can be used to establish inter-VLAN communication. However, the use of routers to connect different VLANs in the enterprise
only consider the heat dissipation and data processing capabilities, but also consider a wide range of functions, such as whether to connect to the server? Do you need to divide the user groups in different regions? Do I need to use a port image to connect to the department that supervises Internet cafes? And so on. To this end, I will analyze the functions and 1-gigabit switch types required by Internet cafe owners and network administrators. Port I
With the development of the exchange industry in China, we have also promoted the update and upgrade of the Ethernet switch technology. Here we mainly analyze the comprehensive performance of the Ethernet switch. Rack-mounted switch, fixed configuration with/without expansion slot) rack-mounted switch is a slot type switch, which has good scalability and supports different network types, such as Ethernet, fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, licensin
Does the bridge need software assistance? To answer this question, we should first look at the original bridge. Traditionally, the bridge usually contains a CPU and "forwarding-storage" is implemented by software. In the past, the bridge was like this. However, due to the improvement of the hardware level, bridges and switches all contain special integrated circuit parts for forwarding, the current bridges and swi
Some minor differences can determine the performance of a vswitch, which is the same for access layer switches. Therefore, when selecting a vswitch, we need to carefully understand its parameter indicators. In network equipment, switches may be the most familiar equipment for network administrators, especially access layer switches. However, when purchasing
As an inbound or outbound QoS site, edge switches play a very important role, especially in small and medium enterprises, if the edge devices of the network integrate QoS, rate limit, ACL, PBR, and sFlow into the hardware chip, the Intelligence will not affect the line rate forwarding performance of the basic layer 2 and Layer 3, therefore, the end-to-end smart network can be carried out on a large scale, so that the entire network not only has global
between the client and the server until the switch discovers a session. When layer-4 switching is used. Access can be connected with real servers to meet user-defined rules, such as enabling equal access to each server or allocating transmission streams based on the capacity of different servers. How to choose a layer-4 Switch (1) Speed To be effective in Enterprise Networks, layer-4 switching must provide comparable performance with layer-3 line rat
At present, layer-3 routing switches are widely used. Here we mainly introduce the differences between layer-3 routing switches and routing functions. As we mentioned earlier, layer-3 routing switches also have certain "routing" functions to achieve connections between different subnets. However, it should be noted tha
transmission is reduced, and the efficiency of the entire network is also improved! People have found that bridges are really a good thing. With the development of hardware, there are four link layer devices with eight ports. This is a switch, because vswitches can make the network more secure (data is not easily listened to, because data is no longer broadcast. Note: It's just not easy, but you can still do it ), higher network efficiency (or because data is no longer broadcast !),
Enterprise switches are worth learning a lot. Here we mainly introduce common troubleshooting methods for enterprise switches. Enterprise switches have various faults, and different faults have different forms. In case of failure analysis, you must use various phenomena to f
The layer-3 switch technology allows the shared and dedicated LAN segments to adjust the bandwidth. The full duplex of the switch means that the switch can receive data while sending data. I hope this article will help you. It should be said that there are many things worth learning about vswitches. Here we mainly introduce the structure and networking methods of vswitches. Currently, the network is more and more widely used, and vswitches play an increasingly important role as a bond in the net
higher), and the backboard Bus is connected to a Switch Engining engine. Data Packets between different ports are transferred to the switching engine through the backplane bus, and are exchanged through the storage forwarding, pass-through forwarding, and quasi-pass-through forwarding modes. Development and Evolution of switches and bridges In the middle of 1980s, the first LAN bridge entered the market. I
Upon reading this question, readers may not think of it: what networking methods are there for switches? Simply connect it to your computer. Of course, for the positions of switches in the entire network, some high-level switches, such as layer-3 switches and network management products, are not that simple in terms of
Functions of programmable Telephone Switches The common telephone switch features many product brands, series, and models. Some of them are standard and feature selection, but the functions of the telephone switch are similar in daily use, the following describes several common functions. 1. Computer Operator: After the phone is sent, the voice prompts that the recording time and number of segments of various telephone
In-depth introduction to the specific testing solution of Huawei gigabit switches. The following describes the performance testing problems of Huawei gigabit switches. The purpose of this evaluation is to make an objective comparison of each manufacturer's Gigabit Ethernet products. The main purpose of this comparison IS to provide the IS Administrator and other IT professionals with information that helps
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