first course in probability

Some probability formulas are often used for a period of time, but often forget, here is a note1. Multiplication rule\ (P\left (x, y \right) =p\left (x|y \right) p\left (y \right) =p\left (y|x \right) p\left (x \right) \)is actually an equivalent form of the conditional probability formula2. IndependenceIf \ (x\) and \ (y\) are independent of each other, then there are:\ (P\left (x, y \right) = P\left (x\ri

PHP MySQL The first time my younger brother post ~ Drop probability table ID Item ID Adventure active Copy pvp ... 1 5 8 10 12 14 2 7 15 5 20 0 3 9 20 0 30 0 What is the probability that an item (item ID) is dropped in an action (such as an adventure, a copy)? I was wondering if this watch could be built like this. How do you write PHP code? The probability o

School Gate, four mobile phone tail number pick up the courier. Q: There is a \ (n\) package, there are two package numbers (the recipient phone tail number, assuming uniform distribution ) the same probability of (P (n) \) is how much?Answer: Mobile phone tail number a total (10^4=10000\), so \ (P (n) =\frac{a_{10000}^n}{(10000) ^n} \), where \ (a_n^r\) is the number of permutations.The expression is very simple, but the calculation of the value of t

Reprint please indicate the source: Http://my.csdn.NET/ye_shen_wei_mian Recently in an open source code to contact the probability density function, the probability density function is normal (Gaussian) distribution, is based on boost library implementation, very easy to use. This function is explained by the official website: PDF (my_dist, x); Returns PDF (density) at point x of distribution my_dist.As fo

Lottery algorithms need to meet the requirements as follows: 1. Can control the probability of winning 2. Having randomness 3. It is best to control the number of prizes 4. According to user ID or IP, mobile phone number, QQ number and other conditions to limit the number of lottery Early on these needs, and then according to the information on the Internet, using a phase-type extraction method, we look at the whole of the following procedures:

Description Organizing a programming contest is not an easy job. To avoid making the problems too difficult, the organizer usually expect the contest result satisfy the following S: -All of the teams solve at least one problem. -the champion (one of those teams that solve the most problems) solves at least a certain number of problems. Now the organizer have studied out the contest problems, and through the result of preliminary contest, the organizer Can estimate the

Objective About this algorithm may (certainly) have been invented, but I, my friends, my teacher before this is not know and can not think out, if you do not know, then include you: In this range was first proposed should be regarded as "invention"!! increase, reduce the probability of random pumping-my good friend Dippen three years ago an algorithm, I now take out to flourish. This algorithm can be used for random problem-solving, gambling machine

number ranging from 0 to 1. Therefore, the above discrimination is equivalent: The code is as follows: Rand That is to say, by default, the gc process can be called almost 100 times. Therefore, the Notice can be seen at a low probability. To disable this Notice, you only need to set: Session. gc_probability = 0, so that s_gc has no possibility of running. Of course, you can also change the permissions

Recently re-read a bit of probability theory, feel a lot of things are forgotten, but also into a variety of misunderstandings, hurriedly corrected back.The main contents of probability theory include:events, conditional probabilities, random variables, distribution functions of random variables, probability densities, union distributions, expectations, variances

instructs it to move 3 spaces to the left, the move is made, but the instruction on the resulting square is ignored and the turn ends. gambling for this game proceeds as follows: Given a board layout and an integer T, you must Wager whether or not you think the game will end within T turns. After losing his shirt and several other articles of clothing, Alexander has decided he needs professional help-not in beating his gambling addiction, but in writing a program to help decide how to bet in th

Loops Problem descriptionakemi homura is a Mahou shoujo (puella Magi/magical girl ). Homura wants to help her friend Madoka Save the world. But because of the plot of the boss incubator, she is trapped in a labyrinth called loops. The planform of the loops is a rectangle of R * C grids. there is a portal in each grid does t the exit grid. it costs homura 2 magic power to use a portal once. the portal in a grid G (R, c) will send homura to the grid below g (grid (R + 1, C )), the grid on the

Label: style blog HTTP color Io ar SP dataThis article can basically be considered as a PRML Reading Note, mainly from reading the content in [1]. If you have any questions, please correct me. Thank you very much. The method of describing probability by the frequency of occurrence of a random event is generally referred to as classical probability or frequency school. In addition, a more comprehensive view

Loops Time Limit: 15000/5000 MS (Java/others) memory limit: 125536/65536 K (Java/others) total submission (s): 2552 accepted submission (s): 1041Problem descriptionakemi homura is a Mahou shoujo (puella Magi/magical girl ). Homura wants to help her friend Madoka Save the world. But because of the plot of the boss incubator, she is trapped in a labyrinth called loops. The planform of the loops is a rectangle of R * C grids. there is a portal in each grid does t the exit grid. it costs homura 2 ma

Programs that generate a probability of 0 and 1 can be adjusted according to the settings: #include Related questions: Known as a random generator, the probability of generating 0 is P, and the probability of generating 1 is 1-P. Now you need to construct a generator,So that the probability of constructing 0 and 1 i

PHP full probability calculation functions (optimized version) are essential for Webgame development. For more information, see. PHP full probability calculation functions (optimized version) are essential for Webgame development. For more information, see. The Code is as follows: $ Setting = array ( // Black Probability 0 => 0.99, // White

Test instructionsThere are k bird, each bird can live one day, it can be born before death [0,n-1] bird, the probability of birth x bird is p[x]. Ask the probability of all the birds ' time in M days. (I counted the dead before M-day).Input: T, N, K, M.ExercisesEach bird's death and the probability of the young birds are independent of each other, then we only ne

Title DescriptionAlice and Bob are playing a game. There are n stones here, Alice and Bob take turns throwing coins, if the face up, then remove a stone from n stones, otherwise do nothing. The man who takes the last stone wins. Alice throws a shot at the probability of a p when she throws a coin, and, similarly, Bob has the probability of Q to throw out his congenial side.Now Alice throws a coin, assuming

E-Loops Time limit:5000 Ms Memory limit:65536kb 64bit Io format:% I64d % i64usubmit status practice HDU 3853 appoint description: System crawler) DescriptionAkemi homura is a Mahou shoujo (puella Magi/magical girl ). Homura wants to help her friend Madoka Save the world. But because of the plot of the boss incubator, she is trapped in a labyrinth called loops. The planform of the loops is a rectangle of R * C grids. there is a portal in each grid does t the exit grid. it costs homura 2 magic

/* Expectation of DP inverse recursive solution: a software has s sub-systems, which produce n kinds of bugs. Someone finds a bug one day. This bug belongs to a sub-system, the probability that a bug belongs to a subsystem is 1/s. The probability of a bug belongs to a certain classification is that 1/N queries discover n kinds of bugs, and each subsystem is expected to discover the number of days of the bug

Http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php? PID = 1, 4865 There are three kinds of weather and Four Leaf states. The two tables are given, respectively, the probability of leaf state in each weather and the probability of today's weather to tomorrow's weather. The status of the leaves in N days is given to output the most likely weather sequence. Thought: WL [I] [J] indicates the