internet protocol tcp ip properties

Computer network refers to the different geographic locations of multiple computers with independent functions and their external devices, through the communication lines connected together,Under the management and coordination of network operating system, network management software and network communication protocol, the computer system of resource sharing and information transmission is realized.Network Programmingis the data exchange between progr

"TCP/IP Detailed Volume 1: Protocol" chapter 6th icmp:internet Control Message Protocol---reading notes1. IntroductionICMP is considered to be an integral part of the IP layer, which transmits error messages and other information that needs attention. ICMP packets are typica

32bit field. If the system does not have accurate UTC or does not update at least 15 times per second, it is not treated as standard time. Non-Standard Time must set the high position of the timestamp field. There are three TIMESTAMP options. NET/3 is accessed through the ip_timestamp structure shown in. The three TIMESTAMP options specified by ip_flg are as follows: The initial host must construct a timestamp option with a sufficient data area to store possible timestamps and addresses, when t

protocol provided to the user process.Used to transfer data without performing a correctness check.In the communication process, UDP does not guarantee the transmission of reliable data, but can send data to several targets, receiveData originating from several sources. Simply put, if a client sends data to the server, this data is immediatelyIssued, regardless of whether the server is ready to receive data. If the server receives data from the clien

1. TCP/IP protocol stack Four-layer modelTCP/IP This protocol adheres to a four-tier model concept: The application layer, the transport layer, the interconnect layer, and the network interface layer.Network interface LayerThe base of the model is the network interface laye

) because ICMP error messages sometimes require special processing, they need to be differentiated. For example, in response to an ICMP error message, there will never be another ICMP error message (if there is no such restriction rule, there may be a situation where the error results in another error, and the error will result in an endless loop).(4) when sending an ICMP error message, the message always contains the header of the IP and the first 8

, FDDI Data link layer, ATM (asynchronous Transfer mode, asynchronous Transfer Mode), IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring), frame Relay (Frame relay) Network Layer : Responsible for routing data packets between subnets. In addition, the network layer can also realize congestion control, Internet interconnection and other functions. Packet, pack. Typical protocol representative: IP