ip internet protocol

applicationsSession Operating SystemApplication read 4 Transport LayerTransport Data NetworkSegment Terminal-to-Terminal; Ensures data transmission reliabilityEstablish, maintain, and terminate a virtual circuitError Detection and recoveryInformation Flow Control to ensure reliability TCP and UDP 3Network LayerNetwork Data PacketsPacket/package SupportedLogical addressingAnd Path SelectionRoute SelectionSelect transfer data and Path

Different TCP/IP layers provide different security. For example, a virtual private network is provided at the network layer and a secure connection service is provided at the transmission layer. The following describes the security of TCP/IP at different levels and the methods to improve the security of each layer.I. Security at the Internet LayerThe idea of stan

Source Point suppression (source quench) Time exceeds Parameter issues Change Route (redirect) (Redirect) ICMP Inquiry Message: Echo Request and reply message Timestamp request and Reply message Message format:ICMP address mask request and reply messageICMP timestamp request and reply messageICMP Unreachable messageICMP echo Request and ECHO Response message formatICMP super-Times articleICMP Redirect MessageICMP router Request mess

Today encountered a strange problem: the installation of a centos6.6, after the installation of the default DHCP to obtain the IP address, found to be able to surf the internet, get the IP address of 192.168.0.131/24, because it is installed server, so it is intended to set this address as a static IP address, The use

the Ethernet receive this frame and check the target address. If the target address and network adapter address are the same, the adapter software processes the received frame and transmits the data to the higher layer in the protocol stack. Chapter 2 Internet Layer Addressing and sending-- In a selected route network, the TCP/IP software uses the following p

, but also to be able to reply to the server after the client has made a request to the server.In many cases, the server side is required to proactively push data to the client, keeping the client and server data in real time and in sync. At this time, if the two sides established a socket connection, the server can directly transfer data to the client;if the two sides establish an HTTP connection, the server needs to wait until the client sends a request to send the data back to the client, so

TPC/IP Protocol is a Transport layer protocol, which mainly solves how data is transmitted in the network, and HTTP is the application layer protocol, which mainly solves how to wrap the data. regarding the relationship between TCP/IP and HTTP

Data sent based on the IP protocol is called IP data packets. It is not hard to imagine that it must include IP address information. However, as mentioned earlier, an Ethernet packet only contains the MAC address and does not have the IP address field. So do you need to

has two kinds of addresses, one is the MAC address, the other is the network address. There is no connection between the two addresses, the MAC address is bound on the network card, the network address is assigned by the administrator, they are only randomly grouped together.The network address helps us determine the subnet where the computer resides, and the MAC address sends the packet to the destination network card in that Subnet. therefore, It is logically inferred that the network address

Author: vamei Source: http://www.cnblogs.com/vamei welcome reprint, please also keep this statement. Thank you! Network Layer)It is the most important layer to implement the internet. At the network layer, each LAN is connected to each other based on the IP protocol and eventually forms a global Internet. Higher-l

I. TCP/IP background and introductionIn the 70 's, with the development of computer technology, computers users realized that it was necessary to connect computers from all over the world to play a more important role in computer. But the simple connection is not enough, because the computer can not communicate. Therefore, the design of a common "language" to communicate is necessary to be less, then the TCP/IP