mpls for dummies

At present, the MPLS fast rerunning technology is widely used. We believe that with the development of the communication industry, the MPLS fast rerunning technology will be more comprehensive and stable, bringing users a good network environment. To meet real-time applications such as video conferencing and television services, LSP protection capabilities similar to traditional SDHAPS must be provided for

1. With the advances in hardware technology and the creation of high-speed routers and three-layer switches, MPLS has had little meaning to increase the speed of forwarding. However, MPLS has been widely used in virtual private network, traffic engineering, QoS and so on because of its support of tag stack and connection-oriented characteristics. MPLS Label switc

The previous document has already learned the information dissemination through OSPF, also introduced the CSPF and path's establishment RSVP work principle. What should we do next? You can forward customer data traffic along the tunnel interface in three ways: Static routing routes Policy Routing Policy Routing Automatic routing Autoroute So to be more blunt, this piece of content is the final phase of Te Tunnel, the key to the key. Just imagine, through arduous, established a te tunnel, b

In March 1999, the Internet Task Force (IETF) published a RFC2547 by Cisco, describing a way for operators to provide virtual private network (VPN) services to users through an IP backbone network. This method uses an extended BGP (Boundary routing protocol) to distribute VPN routing information through the carrier backbone network, and uses Multiprotocol token switching (MPLS) to forward VPN traffic between the VPN user sites. The main purpose of thi

Summary: As the industry-leading MPLS core switch, TMX 880 is the newest product in the Lucent Multi-Service Exchange product line, which is designed to smooth the expansion of the existing FR/ATM network of operators and to provide support for the IP/MPLS business and differential IP services. TMX 880 protects the operator's existing equipment investments and greatly reduces operating maintenance costs.

Before learning MPLS, you should know that MPLS has two modes of operation. 1, Frame mode--gt; in the third-level group header (such as IP packet header) before the tag to forward. 2.---gt; in the MPLS network composed of ATM LSR, MPLS is used to exchange Vpi/vci information in the control plane instead of using ATM

I'm a Dummies. Today I want to talk about how to use log4net, of course. Under. net. First, make sure that you have downloaded the log4net. dll file andProgramIn the bin folder, otherwise ...... 1: In web. configAdd: 2:Add: 3: Finally, define a log object in the Aspx. CS or CS class to record the log: Private Static log4net. ilog log = log4net. logmanager. getlogge

Are you a normal dummies? Come out first: If you wait for the bus as usual after work on a certain day, but it has not arrived more than half an hour, it is clear that something has happened on the road. At this time, your colleague Tom also came to wait for the car. He proposed to take a taxi home when he saw your situation. You don't think this is a good idea, but you will find that your direction is the opposite of that of Tom. Tom hesitated and d

MPLS label distribution protocols include:1. LDP (Label Distribution Protocol)2. TDP (CISCO private)3. RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol4. CE-LDP5. MP-BGP (Multi-Protocol extensions for BGP-4)6. Labeled BGP (BGPV4 with label distribution capability)LDP (Label Distribution Protocol) Label Distribution ProtocolLDP operations mainly include the following four stages:(1) discovery stage(2) session establishment and maintenance(3) LSP establishment and ma

VPN instance changes, the changed PE device should take the initiative to send the BGP refresh packet to refresh the VPN route, and use the new RT attribute to filter the route. Different from RD, We can configure multiple RT attributes for a VPN instance, and the RT attributes are released in the extended group attributes of the bgp update message. The format is similar to that of common group attributes. When a route carries multiple extended group attributes and RT attributes at the same tim

The principle of the protection of TE is already mentioned. Today's focus is to explain how the Frr-fast-reroute in Te Protection is configured, and how to look at the state. Before introducing the configuration, it is important to note that FRR fast rerouting is a protection mechanism. Imagine if the R2 to R6 is an ordinary IGP network. After the middle link down, what is the situation? It should be the first problem the router sends the LSA through the other interface and then reddening to

Cea1:r01 (R01---E0/2---R06) CEB1:R07 (R07---e0/0---R06) temporarily end with this CE end ISP:R06---E1/1---R02---e1/0---R08 CEA2:R03 (R03---E0/2---R08) CEB2:S09 (R08---e0/0---S09) temporarily end with this CE end 1, the core of the SP to run a IGP first, so that the core of the routers within the route to reach 2, the SP's PE end runs between the MP-BGP (VPNV4,MP-BGP neighbor must use the ring back to establish) 3, the SP PE end to create VRF, and CE-connected interface into the VRF 4, in

How to enable the MPLS module#Modprobe Mpls_routerModprobe MPLS_GSOModprobe Mpls_iptunnelSysctl-w net.mpls.conf.lo.input=1Sysctl-w net.mpls.platform_labels=1048575How to create the virtual interface and bridge interface#IP link Add veth0 type Veth peer name Veth1IP link Add brm type bridgeIP link set eth1 master BRMIP link set veth0 master BRMIP addr Add 192.168.23.99/24 dev BRMIP addr Add 192.168.23.100/24 dev Veth0IP link Set BRM upIP link Set veth0

When the MPLS network is troubleshooting, it should follow from the control plane and the network plane to troubleshoot. Let's take a look at what two planes do. Above is the control plane, below is the network plane. From the forwarding plane is the network plane, there will only be two kinds of messages, inbound for the IP packet, and inbound for the MPLS tag packet, then the corresponding two messag

255.255.255.0 area 0Log-adj-changes!Router ospf 300Network 192.168.200.0 255.255.255.0 area 0Log-adj-changesRedistribute ospf 200 subnets --------------------------------------------- Split line ------------------------------------- R6: R6 # SHOW RUNBuilding configuration... Current configuration: 2320 bytes!Version 12.4:Service timestamps debug datetime msecService timestamps log datetime msecNo service password-encryption!Hostname R6!Boot-start-markerBoot-end-marker!!No aaa new-modelMemory-

MPLS default MTU is 1500, do not make any changes, I ping full package does not fragment, why can pass! It adds MPLS information altogether is 1504 bytes, how can transmit? Here is my reply: It has been verified, what you need to do is to study your network topology again, if you have a ready-made environment, put your detailed topology map, as well as the configuration of each device sent to me, I can he

Article Title: dummies, Ubuntu in VMware. Linux is a technology channel of the IT lab in China. Includes basic categories such as desktop applications, Linux system management, kernel research, embedded systems, and open source. 0. Prerequisites What is Ubuntu. If you do not understand this, the content of this article does not seem to be relevant to you, please ignore it. In addition, VMware's virtual graphics card does not support 3D graphics accele

Unlimited classification-dummies public function getlist($pid = 0, $result=array(), $spac = 0){ $spac += 2; $list = M('liuyan')->where('pid='.$pid)->select(); foreach($list as $val){ $val['content'] = str_repeat('',$spac).$val['content']; $result[] = $val; $this->getlist($val['id'], $result, $spac); } return $result;} function genTree($items,$id='id',$pid='pid',$son = 'children'){ $tree = array(); // Formatted

The db2 Tutorial we are reading is: DB2 common dummies 1000 (1 ). When applying DB2, you may encounter some seemingly simple problems, especially for beginners.To sum up, I will release it to you. I hope it will be helpful to you. At the same time, you are welcome to discuss, develop, and make progress together! The characters below are mainly in lower case based on DB27.X.This article does not need to be viewed by DB2 experts.1. What are the levels o

The db2 Tutorial we are reading is: DB2 common dummies: 1000 (3 ). When applying DB2, you may encounter some seemingly simple problems, especially for beginners.To sum up, I will release it to you. I hope it will be helpful to you. At the same time, you are welcome to discuss, develop, and make progress together!The characters below are mainly in lower case based on DB27.X.This article does not need to be viewed by DB2 experts.　　All characters are in