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= recvfrom(sockfd, recvline, MAXLINE, 0, preply_addr, len); if (n
Iv. Multicasting
1. multicast address
1). IPv4 multicast address, IPv6 multicast address, and IPv6 multicast address
Class D addresses in IPv4 (from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255) are multicast
Here's how to start our multicast programming:
First, the concept of multicast
Multicast, also known as "multicast", the network of the same business type of host logically grouped, the data sent and received only in the same group, other hosts did not join this group can not send and receive the corresponding data.
Disadvantages of broadcasting: routed isolation, non-cross-network segments, wasted traffic, and hardware resourcesOSPF Build neighbor: Unicast: Too troublesome broadcast: wasting resource multicast: IGPBenefits of Multicast:1, the concept of the group2, send data reasonable use of bandwidth resources, reduce the sender's CPU resource consumption3, do not know the address of the recipient4. Real-time sexUDP
In a local area network, administrators often need to send a piece of information to a group of users. If the use of a one-to-one delivery method, although it is feasible, but too troublesome, there are often leakage, wrong hair. In order to solve this group communication problem more effectively, a kind of multicast technology (also commonly called multicast communication) is presented, which is based on I
Sl4 adds two multicast client classes:
Udpanysourcemulticastclient: a client receiver that receives multicast traffic from any source, either source multicast (ASM) or Internet standard multicast (ISM)
Udpsinglesourcemulticastclient: from a single source ...... Source-specific
The IP address and the MAC address are divided into three types: broadcast address, multicast address, and unicast address. First, FF: FF is undoubtedly a broadcast address. Each ENI is assigned a unique Unicast address when it leaves the factory. The first 24 bits are the ID of the equipment manufacturer, which is allocated by IEEE (Association of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the last 24 bits are the unique ID specified by the device manufac
In the project, the Ys Private protocol uses multicast technology, which uses Python to send multicast packets when verifying its security features, and to make a record here.
The multicast server is used to send multicast packets to the multicast group with the follow
Differences between Winwods NLB unicast and MulticastWindows NLB (network load balancing) is a load balancing technology that Microsoft has provided on Windows 2000 Server. NLB uses a distribution algorithm to distribute Server Load balancer across multiple hosts to improve IP-based key services (such as Web, virtual private network, streaming media, Terminal Services, and proxies) scalability and availability, while detecting host faults and automatically allocating traffic to other operating h
The MAC address is a 48-bit (6-byte hexadecimal number) Address used on the second layer of Ethernet to identify the device location. The MAC address is divided into two parts. The first 24 digits are the unique identifier of the organization (oui, organizationally unique identifier), and the last 24 digits are allocated by the vendor.
MAC addresses can be unicast, multicast, or broadcast. The Unicast address indicates a single device or node,
Unicast, broadcast, and Multicast
I. Introduction
1. Three IP addresses are available: unicast address, broadcast address, and multicast address.
2. broadcast and multicast are only applied to UDP. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that means two processes (determined by the port number) run on two hosts (determined by the IP address) there is a connection b
PIM-DM intensive mode)The PIM intensive mode is the preferred configuration in the multicast routing protocol. This Protocol is strongly supported by Cisco and provides easy configuration and troubleshooting methods. Similar to DVMRP, the PIM intensive mode does not have the characteristics of flooding or deleting. Therefore, it can still be used as an option for configuring short-term protocols for wide-ar
Overview:Broadcast and multicast, as the name implies, are passed to all systems in the subnet or to a system belonging to a multicast group. They apply only to UDP.For IP, we know that the host number is 1 of the broadcast address, while the Class D IP (that is, from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255) is the multicast address.For Ethernet, when the lowest bit of the
Python has complete support for sockets. some of the APIS though have a different signature than the POSIX equivalents. it is therefore possible to write multicast servers and clients in Python. multicasting is the ability to send data to select set of hosts. broadcasting in a network is to send data to all the hosts, unicast is when data is transfered between two hosts (typical one-one communication ). multicasting is the ability to send data to a
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(3) about delegation and Multicast
Multicast delegates include references to two or more methods.
For multicast, use + = to add a delegate and use-= to remove the delegate. The method included in the multicast delegate must return the void; otherwise, a run-time exception is thrown. Because the method does not
Let's take the multicast data sent to UDP as an example. In fact, the difference between sending a UDP multicast datagram and sending a unicast UDP datagram is not big.
First, in the myudp_sendmsg function, if the source address of the sending interface is not determined and the target address is a multicast address, the source address uses inet_sock-> mc_addr. T
The MAC address is divided into three categories, namely broadcast address, multicast address and unicast address. First of all, FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF is undoubtedly the broadcast address. Each NIC is shipped with a single unicast address, and the first 24 digits are the manufacturer's number, assigned by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and the latter 24 are the only number that the device manufacturer has developed for the N
Multicast MAC addressIs a type of logical MAC address. This MAC address represents a multicast group. All members in this group receive data frames with the target address of the multicast MAC address corresponding to this group. To better understand the concept of multicast and MAC address, let's look at the following
1. Broadcast
Full-network broadcast
Single CIDR Block Broadcast
2. Multicast
When to use Multicast
When the same data is sent to multiple users
Unknown recipient
Send data to multiple users at the same time-stock trading
Why Multicast
Process consumption on the host and vro is reduced
Saves bandwidth and saves bandwidth compared with unicast
Optimized Link Perfor
After reading this, you will know how IGMPv3 is implemented... Multicasting with setsockopt
Originally, the only way to join or leave a multicast group wasVia the setsockopt API. WinSock 2 introducesProtocol-independent method of multicasting with the wsajoinleaf API (discussed in the next section),As we will soon see, the setsockopt method isMuch more flexible even though it is more closely tied to the protocol beingUsed.IPv4
There are two socket opt
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