reduced the quality and effectiveness of distance education.
The emergence of IPv6 not only solves the problem that 1Pv4 address space is almost exhausted, but also improves the basic Header Format of IP data packets. The most important thing is that IPv6 can better support multicast, video and audio streaming media teaching information can be smoothly transmitted without a significant increase in network bandwidth, which reduces network bandwidth an
In unicast mode there are server and client points, and the multicast mode is different from unicast mode, each end is a router or switch as a relay station, either end of the router or switch to send messages, routing or switch responsible for sending other nodes, each node is equal. So you can use the same class representation in programming mode--multicastsocket. MulticastSocket belongs to the class provided by the jdk , the classpath is java.net.M
in theInternet, multimedia services such as streaming media, video conferencing, and video-on-demand are becoming an important part of information transmission. The unicast mode of point-to-point transmission cannot adapt to this kind of service transmission specialSex--single-point multicast, because the server must provide each recipient with the same contentIPmessage Copy, while the network also repeatedly transmits the same content of the message,
broadcast, multicast addresses, and so on.
RT (route-target) is an important attribute carried by vpnv4. It determines the transmission, receiving, and filtering of VPN routes. PE uses the RT attribute to distinguish routes between different VPNs, it has also become a key point in the mbgp test.
Use the RT attribute to filter VPN routes. The Rt and RD attributes
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If the subnet does not have a dual-exit election query, the IP address with the highest interface will be elected
Another user who listens for the query (who does not respond in 120 seconds will think of himself as the queryer)
Bytes --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IGMP timer for IGMP V2 package
1. query interval (queery interval 60 seconds by default)
The multicast IP technology of Linux Network-Linux Enterprise Application-Linux server application information. The following is a detailed description. Author: Cao jianghua
Multicast broadcast is an important tool used to establish a distributed system, such as online games, ICQ Chat construction, and Remote Video Conferencing Systems. The multicast broadcast p
The IP address consists of three types: unicast address (destination is a single host), broadcast address (destination is all hosts on a given network), and multicast address (destination is all hosts within the same group). broadcast and multicast only apply to UDP, It is important that they transmit messages to multiple receivers simultaneously. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that means that ther
Digital video transmission is a communication method that people use vision to obtain information. Compared with other information transmission methods, digital video transmission is accurate, intuitive, and efficient. Due to the large amount of information transmitted by digital videos and limited bandwidth, the compression and encoding of videos, selection of transmission channels and network protocols, and IP multicast technology (IP
What is VPN?
The full name of VPN is "Virtual Private Network", which is translated as "Virtual Private Network ". VPN is defined as a temporary and secure connection through a public network (usually the internet). It is a secure and stable tunnel through a chaotic public network. Using this tunnel can encrypt data several times to ensure secure Internet use.
of the simplest IP VPN technologies that provides users with point-to-point links to the Data link layer (Layer 2). It is more common to use ATM, FR, and MPLS link encapsulation to provide VLL. There are two links on the link layer at the same time, such as ATM and IP tunnels, and the data is transmitted by relay on both of these links.VPRN is the simulation of a multicast-specific wide-area routing networ
This article combines two articles and has personally experienced it. It is very good. We have successfully established a VPN dedicated channel! The whole process is actually very simple. First, repeat the LNMP army brother's method and establish a VPN Server. 1. The full text of Server Installation explains how to create a VPN service on VPS, and how to install
Compile a Python script to configure VPN in batches and a python script vpn tutorial
Origin
As we all know, the recent network is not harmonious, the speed is slow, and the VPN is still disconnected. Fortunately, yunti provides a lot of servers for switching, but there are quite a lot of yunti servers, in Linux, Network Manager does not support batch configuratio
In history, multicasting has become more fashionable. IP multicast means that a sender sends data to multiple recipients, but only one copy of the data is required. Multicast is very useful for streaming media, so let's take a look at its working principles.
Multicast is like broadcasting, and some specific addresses are allocated to
I. Description of the 1.1 Standard multicast interpretationCommunication is divided into unicast, multicast (that is, multicast), broadcast three kinds of waysUnicast means that the IP packet is transmitted by the router to the only device specified by the destination IP after the sender is sent, for example, you are now communicating with the Web server as a uni
I have recommended how to set up the PPTP VPN service in the article "VPs initial experience and self-built VPN service". This article has made some modifications and supplements based on the original article, and added"How to connect to pptp vpn on Linux.
The running environment involved in this article: the remote server is configured with low xen VPs on vpslin
UDP multicast can be used to broadcast data in the intarnet or Internet datagram mode (multicast over the Internet requires the router to support IGMP (Internet gateway management protocol, this Protocol appears after the IP address appears to support multicast )). compared with broadcasts that consume extremely bandwidth (broadcast can only be broadcast within t
backbone network. At the same time, GRE can also be used to transmit broadcast and multicast information, such as routing updates, through tunnels over internet networks. It should be noted that prior to the use of GRE, you need to configure the physical interface as a VPN endpoint device, and then you can use security measures such as IPSec to protect the tunnel.
4. are voice and data-integrated data stre
On the Internet , multimedia services such as streaming media, video conferencing and video-on-demand are becoming an important part of information transmission. The unicast mode of point-to-point transmission cannot adapt to this kind of business transmission characteristic -- single point of sending multipoint receive, because the server must provide each receiver with a copy of the same content of the IP message, while the network also repeatedly transmits the same content of the message, occ
The following WLAN test is successful in ubuntu11.04:
Install L2TP IPSec VPN
We will use l2tp-ipsec-vpn software for Werner Jaeger
First, open the terminal and execute the following command to install the l2tp-ipsec-vpn Software
Sudo apt-add-repository PPA: Werner-Jaeger/PPA-Werner-vpnsudo apt-Get updatesudo apt-Get install l2tp-ipsec-
1. Introduction to unicast, multicast, and broadcast 1. 1. Unicast (unicast)
Unicast means data transmission to a specific host. For example, an IP packet is sent to a host. At this time, the data link layer is given in the Data header is very specific destination address, for Ethernet, is the nic mac address (not FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF such address ). The current host with the routing function should be able to distribute unicast data in a targeted manner
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