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to attach the phone attach when the success of the message to the phone, there are 4 bytes. After this, the phone want to do what, do not need to bring imsi, as long as the P-TMSI to sgsn, sgsn can identify this phone. 2g gprs network is a little more complex, there are many network layers, so it is special, in addition to P-TMSI, there is a tlli (temporary logical link identity ). When GRPS was designed at the time, the control plane and data plane were not separated between the base station

). GSN is the most important network node in the GPRS network. GSN has the mobile Routing Management function. It can connect to various types of data networks and connect to GPRS registers. GSN can complete data transmission and format conversion between mobile terminals and various data networks. GSN can be an independent device similar to a router or integrated with MSC in GSM. 2.4 Working Principle of GPRS During GPRS work, it uses route management to address and establish data connections.

Through the content in the previous article, we know that some wireless cats mask the routing function, so the operations for different types of wireless cats to remove the shielding function are also different, let me take a look at the process of cracking the ZTE wireless cat routing function. Method to crack the routing function of ZTE 531B wireless Cat: ZTE wireless cat ZXDSL531B has the routing function, but China Telecom blocked the routing function of this wireless cat for some purposes,

Search for bitsCN.com using svm toolbox methods Name Author Institution Language Exec Multiclass Regression Comments BSVM Chih-Wei Hsu and Chih-Jen Lin National Taiwan University C ++ Win Yes Yes Equbits Foresight Equbits LLC Equbits LLC SDK Win ??? Yes Commercial. Contact Equibits

)• Random AccessControlled access, such as polling or polling-In order to make the data link layer better adapt to various LAN standards, the 802 committee split the data link layer of the LAN into two child layers:-Logical Link Control (LLC) Sub-Layer-Medium Access Control (MAC) Sub-layer.-Content related to access to the transmission media is placed on the MAC Sub-layer, while the LLC sub-layer is irrelev

of the OSI model. Some routing protocols use this layer, such as Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), routing Protocol (RIP), and so on, but the most common service for the application layer is to provide the interface to the user application to access the network.1.1.3: Data encapsulation processTCP Head: The TCP datagram, which contains the port number of the source and destination, is used to find the application process of the originating and receiving end;IP head : Used to find the location of t

IDC Commentary Network (idcps.com) September 22 reported: According to Registrarstats published real-time data display, as of September 19, 2015, the global domain name registration of the top 15 rankings, the chain of September 12, no change. Among them, China million net, the new network two Chinese domain name quotient list, the breakdown 9, 14. Below, please look at the IDC commentary network to the relevant data collation and analysis.650) this.width=650; "src=" Http://www.idcps.com/uploadf

protocol layer. The IP protocol is the foundation of the Internet.The network layer is equivalent to The courier company's huge express network, the country's different distribution centers, for example, from Shenzhen to Beijing, Shun Fung Express (for example, air transport seems to fly directly to Beijing), the first to shun Fung Shenzhen distribution Center, from the Shenzhen Distribution center and sent to the Wuhan distribution center, From Wuhan Distribution Center and then sent to Beijin

IDC Commentary Network (idcps.com) September 08 reported: According to Registrarstats published real-time data show, as of September 5, 2015, in the global domain name registration market, the number of domain names in the first 15 list and the previous period is exactly the same. Among them, China million net monthly net increase of 96,530, the rate of reduction, the number of domain names to reach 3,389,805. Below, the IDC commentary network will collate and analyze the relevant data.650) this

IDC Commentary Network (idcps.com) October 20 report: According to Registrarstats published real-time data display, as of October 17, 2015, the global domain name registration market, GoDaddy.com, LLC with 52, 098,440 Domain name reserves continue to dominate, the monthly net increase of 122,825, the advantage is significant. In addition, the number of new network domain names continued to decline to 1,797,973, its ranking than the previous period fel

Understanding Sparse CodingSparse Encoding Series: (i)----Spatial Pyramid Summary (ii) Sparse representation of----images summary of--SCSPM and LLC (iii)----Understanding sparse coding (iv)----sparse model and structural sparse model ---------------------------------------------------------------------------The content of this article mainly comes from Kaiyu teacher in CVPR2012 on the tutorial. Before summing up SCSPM and

detect conflicts at any time. In the event of a conflict, the transmission should be stopped to avoid wasted media bandwidth due to invalid frames transmitted. Then, after a random delay for a period of time, resend the media and resend the frame.At first, three companies, Inter, Xerox and DEC, proposed the Ethernet standard. Later, the IEEE organization formulated the 802.3 standard, which stipulated the MAC Sub-layer of the Ethernet physical layer and the data link layer, it mainly defines 10

convenient to distinguish/reduce errors. ( preamble not counted in)V2 the format of the frame:The difference between 802.3 and V2: type/length. When this value is greater than 1536, there is no difference between the frame data field of 802.3 when less than 1536 and the LLC Frame of the LLC Sublayer must be mounted above.At present, most of them adopt V2 standard.The presence of a Mac sublayer masks the di

to the physical layer, when the data is received, the MAC protocol first to determine the input information and whether there is a transmission error, if there is no error, The control information is sent to the LLC layer. The layer protocol is an Ethernet Mac defined by the IEEE-802.3 Ethernet standard. The latest Mac supports both 10Mbps and 100Mbps speeds of two.The Ethernet Data Link layer actually contains the MAC (media access control) Sublayer

at the console under the state where the client connects to the server game: Stutas is availableIf the above method does not establish an administrator account, you can open the Admins_simple.ini fill in the blanks below in the following format"123.456.12.12" "99:z" (with IP settings)"steam_0:1:123456" "99:z" (set with steam_id)* Note "99:z" is the highest administrative authority 4. Test sourcemod Run Success command: SM version in the Srcds console, enter: Meta List prompts the following i

GPRS Network composition and interface GB Port: SGSN through the GB port and base station BSS, for mobile MS Services. Establish a connection between SGSN and Ms through the Logical Control Protocol LLC, providing mobility management (location tracking) and security management functions. SGSN completes the protocol conversion between MS and SGSN, i.e. backbone network uses IP protocol to convert into SNDCP and LLC