ADSL is a very common broadband access method. However, since one user has only one ADSL account, how can we achieve multi-user sharing of ADSL? Here we will introduce the implementation method. ADSL is an affordable broadband access solution. Currently, it is billed on a monthly basis. if a user uses an account to access the Internet, it will be a bit uneconomical. How can one ADSL user access the Internet? The following are some experiences.
Sharing principle: in view of the current mainstream
There are a variety of wireless Internet access methods. We often see wireless network interfaces and wireless network interfaces for wireless Internet access. For today's wireless trends, the wireless access of infrared seems a little retro. It cannot be said that it has been out of the stage, at least in terms of choice, it has gradually been forgotten by everyone. Next we will introduce a wireless Internet access solution through infrared rays. This method is based on GPRS traffic to access t
difficulty in understanding SRP is in the case of a multifunctional class, which is not easy to understand the contradiction between versatility and single change. Let's take a look at a modem class example, modem has 4 functions: dial-up, hang up, send data, receive data:
class Modem { public void Dial(string aPno) {…} public void Hangup() {…} p
NAND Flash (k9f5608) Driver Programming
1. NAND Flash pins
The important ones of NAND Flash are as follows:
I/O pin: For this flash chip I/O pin, there are 8 0-7, and some chips have 16 0-15
CLE: instruction transmission enabling (the instruction can be locked in the instruction register of nand flash)
Ale: Address Transmission enabling (the address can be locked in the Address Register of nand flash)
CE: Slice selection, low efficiency
2. NAND Flash Control
Nand
Flash is controlled by transmitt
: J.ffs2_raw_inode and Jffs2_raw dirent. The former contains administrative information about the file , which is used to describe the location of the file in the file system . The real information is kept behind the Jffs2_raw_inode node, and most of the information that is managed is built after the system is mounted. Two data entities have a common file header structure JFFS2 _ Unknown_node. In this structure, there is a jint32 _t type of HDR_CRC variable, which represents the CRC checksum val
encapsulated chip is a chip 3. die is a small square on a wafer. Several die may be encapsulated in a chip. Due to different flash technologies and different technologies, the concept of die is generated. Mono die is a common concept, A die, B die, etc. A chip contains N die 4. plane is the smallest unit for NAND to operate based on commands such as read, write, and erase.
A plane is a storage matrix that contains several blocks. 5. Block is the minimum erasure unit of nandflash. A block co
encapsulated chip is a chip 3. die is a small square on a wafer. Several die may be encapsulated in a chip. Due to different flash technologies and different technologies, the concept of die is generated. Mono Die is a common concept, a Die, B die, etc. a chip contains N die 4. plane is the smallest unit for NAND to operate based on commands such as read, write, and erase.
A plane is a storage matrix that contains several blocks.5. Block is the minimum erasure unit of NANDFlash. A Block contai
return immediately (no data is received), and if the virtual circuit is reset, Recv will immediately return the error code, such as Wsaeconnreset. If the socket option So_oobinline (see Setsockop), the OOB data that appears will be checked.
The parameter Writefds indicates that the socket is checked for its writable character. If the socket handles connect calls (non-blocking) and fully establishes the connection, the socket is writable. If the socke
[DESCRIPTION] in BT2.1 and later versions, the Bluetooth protocol has a new way of simply pairing (simple pairing) in addition to the traditional password pairing (PIN code pairing). This new pairing operation is simpler and more secure. At present, most Bluetooth devices in the market have supported the simple pairing method. From the user's point of view, the traditional PIN code pairing requires both sides of the Bluetooth device to enter the pairing password (if both sides have input devices
the back-end database management system.--os-cmd=oscmd executing operating system commands--os-shell the shell of an interactive operating system--os-pwn get an OOB shell,meterpreter or VNC--os-smbrelay One-click to get an OOB shell,meterpreter or VNC--os-bof stored Procedure Buffer Overflow utilization--PRIV-ESC Database Process User privilege elevation--msf-path=msfpath Metasploit Framework Local install
-end database management system.--os-cmd=oscmd executing operating system commands--os-shell the shell of an interactive operating system--os-pwn get an OOB shell,meterpreter or VNC--os-smbrelay One-click to get an OOB shell,meterpreter or VNC--os-bof stored Procedure Buffer Overflow utilization--PRIV-ESC Database Process User privilege elevation--msf-path=msfpath Metasploit Framework Local installation pat
ADSL is an affordable broadband access solution. Currently, it is billed in monthly subscription mode. If a user uses an account to access the Internet, it will be a bit uneconomical. How can one ADSL user access the Internet? The following are some experiences. Sharing principle In view of the current mainstream Ethernet interfaces, the external ADSL Modem has built-in routers and routing functions, and also has a large-capacity ROM chip (includi
At present, ADSL permeate every corner of our lives, whether it is enterprises, Internet cafes, or home users using ADSL to access the Internet, usually, an ADSL line can only support one computer to access the Internet, however, after using a networking device, you can implement an ADSL line to support Internet access shared by multiple computers. Generally, devices that implement the shared networking of ADSL include ADSL Modem, Broadband Router, an
wireless router, we have to do the physical connection operations related to the wireless router:
First of all, the ADSL modem device is connected to the WAN port of the wireless router, and then the common twisted pair connects the LAN port of the wireless router with the normal workstation. After completing the physical connection operation, we go to the Windows system interface of the normal workstation and open the system's TCP/IP property Setti
Shanghai Bell Company's Cablelink Cable modem system provides high-speed asymmetric data communication services to users through the fiber coaxial hybrid network. The asymmetry of its connections requires high-speed communications in one direction, such as network browsing, Internet file transfer, and ideally in the opposite direction with a lower-rate delivery service. The TDMA access method used in Cablelink 2000 system can make the system more flex
the underlying os.file to block mode and return a copy copy, when the end, the caller needs to close the file, where the original file and the copy does not affect each other, the returned Os.file file descriptor is different from the file in the network connection, Using this copy to modify the properties of the ontology may or may not get the desired effect.Func (c *ipconn) localaddr () ADDR//Return to local network addressFunc (c *ipconn) read (b []byte) (int, error)//Implement Conn interfac
6.1.3) block blocksa Nand Flash (chip, chips) consists of a number of blocks (blocks), the size of the block is generally 128KB, 256KB, 512KB, here is 128KB. Other less than 128KB, such as 64KB, is generally the following will be introduced to the small block of NAND Flash. Blocks block, is NAND Flash'sBasic/Minimum unit of erase Operation. 6.1.4) pageEach block contains a lot of pages (page). The size of each page, for now common NAND flash most is 2KB, the latest NAND flash is 4KB, 8KB, etc.,
Kangear Note: The article is converted from: internal (this figure is an internal MTK image ).
[Description] In bt2.1 and later versions, the Bluetooth protocol has added a Simple Pairing method in addition to the traditional PIN code pairing. This new pairing method is simpler and more secure. Currently, most Bluetooth devices on the market support simple pairing. From the user's perspective, the traditional PIN code pairing requires both Bluetooth devices to enter the pair password (if both si
31000000 31000000:34333231 38373635 0a0a3039 00000000 1234567890......31000010:00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ....... ..... Write the contents of the 0x31000000 address at the 0 address of the NAND flash:The explanation is successful.Then read it to the 0x31000000 address at the bottom of the read operation:[TQ2440 #] NAND read 31000000 0 ffnand read:device 0 offset 0x0, size 0xFF 255 bytes Read:okNote that reading is OK, compared to read and write content is the same:[
China's broadband routers are developing very fast and their technology is also very mature. Many people may not know the application of broadband routers in the access technology. It doesn't matter. After reading this article, you will certainly have a lot of GAINS, I hope this article will teach you more things.
At present, ADSL permeate every corner of our lives, whether it is enterprises, Internet cafes, or home users using ADSL to access the Internet, usually, an ADSL line can only support
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