The above describes the NetFilter mechanism, how to re-build and send a SKB, involving kernel protocol stack programming, rather than what we usually call the user layer socket network programming.
Let's begin by introducing several functions that are involved in the SKB refactoring program above:First of all, it is necessary to say, but also in each of the following procedures are said, is the development
Recently, many netizens asked how to configure the dual-protocol stack. Let's take a look at the following articles. We all know that the speed of network development is amazing, and the functions and applications of the format are dazzling. Behind these features and applications are the support of many network protocols. Here we will focus on the use of Visual C ++ 6.0 development environment on Windows pl
Bluetooth 4.0/ble protocol Stack Learning notes (i)
Required Software tools:
1. BLE protocol stack (ble-cc254x-1.4.0)
2. IAR development software (IAR Embedded Workbench8.20.2)
Note: The 1.4.0 protocol stack uses the 8.20.2 ve
The advantages of Multi-Protocol Label Switching MPLS are described here. This article mainly introduces the MPLS protocol stack structure. First, let's start with the concept of multi-protocol labels, and then explain its label structure and protocol
What is the difference between the Linux network protocol stack and the network protocol in Windows? We also need to look at the specific content. Next, let's take a brief look at its concept, structure, and relevant explanations. Hope to help you.
Linux network protocol stack
We need a protocol stack for a complex network environment. The so-called protocol stack is a collection structure of multiple Ordered protocols. In the communication network, our WAP protocol stack has undergone various changes.
Conntrack HASH Lookup/Bloom filtering/CACHE lookup/large package and small packet/Layered processing style in protocol stack processing, conntrackbloom1. the Hierarchical Storage System of the advantages and disadvantages of Route CACHE has been in existence for many years. Its essence is to "minimize the fastest memory and maximize the slowest memory ", this results in the maximization of resource utilizat
A great advantage of LWIP is that it supports standard socket applications, which can completely mask the underlying interactive process and bring a lot of convenience to use. Today, as an example of socket creation, connection, transceiver
The process of data interaction between the socket layer and the protocol stack layer.
(1) Socket creation
App Layer
Socket , lwip_socket , Sock_stream netconn_new_with
With the support of various network protocols and products, we have made more choices for our daily work. Here we will introduce relevant content such as the VxWorks network protocol stack. VxWorks is a high-performance, cutting-down embedded real-time operating System launched by Wind River, a US Wind River System Company. it is widely used in fields with high real-time requirements, such as communications
Directory
1. Host-to-network protocol: Ethernet protocol
2. IP protocol
3. Internet Control Packet Protocol (ICMP)
4. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
5. User data packet protocol (UDP)
6. Stream Control transmission
There are no strangers to mobile phones. Among them, its chip is not a real computer chip, but it can be understood as a computer chip cutting version. This is a simple understanding of embedded ideas. So the technology that joins the IPv6 protocol stack can effectively combine the two. This is the topic we will discuss over the past few days.
Design Concept of Embedded IPv6
We have already talked about the dual-stack protocol and tunnel protocol in our discussion of the networking proposal for coexistence of two networks. This is also the mainstream strategy. Next, let's introduce Translation Strategies to you. There may be fewer people who know about them. Here, we will focus on the translation policies related to the IPv6
immigration and westward movement, so this paragraph is stopped.By the way, the routing table for the protocol stack is meant to be found, not to mention the Cisco Express Forward (CEF system), which is enough to route the cache. Early Linux (up to 2.6.39, not 3.X), in the System routing table first and built a route cache, each cache table entry is a successful route query results, built a time-out expira
In the face of the ever-expanding network, with the combination of multiple protocols, I don't know if you know anything about the VxWorks network protocol stack. With the rapid growth of the Internet and the prevalence of WWW, TCP/IP has become the preferred network protocol for intranets and wide area networks. As more applications require
We have already learned about the principles and circuits of the Bluetooth protocol stack. Now we will introduce the SoC Structure Design for the embedded Bluetooth protocol stack. According to the hardware structure of the above Bluetooth protocol
Overview
This article discusses how to query the TCP/IP protocol stack of a host to collect valuable information. FirstFirst, I enumerated several "classic" operating system identification methods outside the stack fingerprint. And thenI described the "process status" of the stack fingerprint tool. Next, let the remote
The protocol addressing mechanism mentioned above is simple, the transmission speed is slow, it is not suitable for the data transmission of large range and large flow, therefore, it is applied to the interior of the equipment (such as IC, between circuit board and Circuit board). The TCP/IP protocol stack physical layer uses the fiber/coaxial cable for the trans
Original: http://www.cnblogs.com/xuanku/p/tcpip.htmlThe TCP/IP network protocol stack is divided into four tiers, from bottom to top in turn:
Link LayerIn fact, there is a physical layer under the link layer, refers to the transmission of electrical signals, such as the common twisted-pair cable, optical fiber, as well as the early coaxial cable, etc., the physical layer design determines the trans
We have learned a lot about the IPv6 protocol stack, and we also mentioned the specific knowledge about the embedded simplified IPv6 protocol stack, now let's present the IPv6 protocol stack implementation steps to everyone. For m
This article is from csdn lidp and reposted the famous source. Thank you.
For information and technology trends in the VoIP industry, see www.voip123.cn.
For the registration function, Asterisk SIP protocol stack provides two services,
1. Asterisk is used as the SIP client and registered with other sip servers.2. Asterisk is used as the SIP registration server to save client registration information.
The fo
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