logarithm, then ln (P (y∣x,w,σ)) =∑i=1nln (n (wtx,σ2)) ln (P (y∣x,w,σ)) =∑i=1nln (n (wtx,σ2))
Whereas n (wtx,σ2) =12πσ2√exp (− (y−wtx2) 2σ2) n (wtx,σ2) =12πσ2exp (− (Y−WTX) 22σ2)
So ln (P (y∣x,w,σ)) =−12σ2∑n=1n{yn−wtxn}2−12ln (2πσ2) ln (P (y∣x,w,σ)) =−12σ2∑n=1n{yn−wtxn}2−12ln (2πσ2)
Maximum likelihood function, solving W, W∗=argminw−12σ2∑n=1n{yn−wtxn}2−12ln (2πσ2) w∗=argminw−12σ2∑n=1n{yn−wtxn}2−12ln (2πσ2)
The second item in the formula has nothing to do with W W, it can be omitted, so w∗=argmi
In the "Pacman" game, there are 3 different types of enemies planned.· Loose type: Will not look back until it touches the wall· Guard type: When the enemy and the protagonist "Big Mouth" in the same row or the same column will be alerted to close to the big mouth.· Disturbing: Constantly approaching the big mouth.These three enemies are implemented using the following functions:Ai ai handles void redone::makedecision (bool b) {int i = rand (); if (b)
Pacman game is the game of a more classic game, we plan to eat beans as the first game.Development tools for Visual Stdio 2013.The game plan is:
Filename
File type
Description
GMap.h
Header file
Map class declaration file
GMap.cpp
source file
Map class implementation file
GObject.h
Header file
Object class declaration file
GObject.cpp
Topic: Given a plane of some points, eat Mr. Bean from the origin, can only go right or upward, beg two eat Mr. Bean up to how many beansEach point is split into two, with a flow rate of 1, and a cost of 1 sides;If you can get to another point from one point, connect the out point of the previous point back to the point in the pointRun the cost stream. But it's obviously going to be tle.If I can go to J,j to K, then obviously need not even i->k this edge this is a pruningAfter adding this prunin
This article describes the C + + implementation based on the console interface Pacman game. Share to everyone for your reference. The specific analysis is as follows:
The program running interface looks like this:
ESC key to exit the game.
Main.cpp source files are as follows:
#include "lib.h"
#pragma once
extern int level;
int main ()
{
FOOD FOOD;
WALL WALL;
Body CurPos;
Hall Hall;
int iexit = 0;
while (1)
{
if (iexit) break
? [ the: +]? ' '-F1`? [ the: +]? ? [ the: +]?? Now, it says Error:only One operation is used at a time? [ the: A]? Qdt? [ the: A]? qdtq)? [ the: the]? The output of the Yaourt is as follows:┬─[[email protected]:~/src/copyright]─[ the: the: $am]╰─>$ Yaourt-Qdtextra/guile1.8 1.8.8-5Multilib/lib32-dbus1.12.0-1Local/libxfont1.5.3-1Community/python-colorama0.3.9-1Extra/python2-gobject3.26.1-1==> does want to remove these packages (With-rcs options)? [y/N]==>-------------------------------------------
Least squares problem:Before the combination of orthogonal, subspace W, orthogonal projection, orthogonal decomposition theorem and best approximation principle in vector space, the least squares problem can be solved satisfactorily.First of all, we have to explain the problem itself, that is, in the process of production, for the giant linear systems ax=b, may be no solution, but we are urgently need a sol
In this paper, the basic least squares and least squares with constrained conditions are explained.A basic least squares methodThe least square method is the most basic algorithm in regression. It is the square error for the output of the model and the output of the training sample (also multiplied by 1/2, just to simplify the derivation) for the hour of learning
Main content:
What is least squares
The geometrical meaning of least squares
Orthogonal projection matrix
What is least squares?Suppose we have n-pairs of data on our hands, {(Xi,yi): I=1...N}, in order to explore the relationship between the Y-variable and the X-variable, we want to match it with a polynomial, but how are the coefficients i
http://www.zhihu.com/question/20822481 know the user,non-paper, non-rationaleSpirit_dongdong,wildog,MT practices and others agree Agree @ Zhang Ziquan, add a little bit more. Look at the problem estimates, the subject may be Learning machine learning things, so there will be this problem. But as other people have pointed out, the two approaches are not quite comparable. But I had a similar problem when I was learning. Then my question was,What is the difference between the matrix solution of le
In physical experiments, it is often necessary to observe two physical quantities with functional relationships. The curve fitting problem in experimental data processing is determined based on the observation data of two quantities of many groups to determine their function curves. This kind of problem usually has two kinds of situations: one is the function form of two observations x and Y is known, but some parameters are unknown, need to determine the best estimate of the unknown parameter,
Main content:
1. Definition of QR decomposition
2. QR decomposition method
3. QR decomposition and least squares
4. MATLAB implementation
I. QR decomposition
The r decomposition method is one of the three ways to decompose a matrix. In this way, the matrix is decomposed into an orthogonal matrix and the product of an upper triangle matrix.
QR decomposition is often used to solve the linear least squa
Summary of reference least squares machine learning: How to use least squares in PythonWhat is "least squares"?Definition: Least squares (also known as the least squares method) is a mathematical optimization technique that matches by minimizing the squared error and finding
Uva201 Squares, uva201squares
Squares
A children's board game consists of a square array of dots that contains lines connecting some of the pairs of adjacent dots. one part of the game requires that the players count the number of squares of certain sizes that are formed by these lines. for example, in the figure shown below, there are 3
0.SLAM in SVD The application of least squaresIn slam applications, the least squares are used when calculating the homography matrix,fundamental Matrix, as well as for triangulation (triangulation).1. BackgroundLeast squares fitting of a pile of observed noisy data2. Theoretical Models3. Optimize your goals4. Optimization Process5. Engineering Implementation6. Proof of the least
This article mainly introduces the relevant data about the least squares fitting of matplotlib in Python, and introduces in detail the realization process of fitting curve of the least squares fitting line and the least square method through the example code, and the friends who need can refer to it for reference.ObjectiveThe least squares least square method, as
-----------------------------Author:midu---------------------------qq:1327706646------------------------datetime:2014-12-08 02:29(1) PrefaceBefore looking at the least squares, has been very vague, the back yesterday saw the MIT linear algebra matrix projection and the least squares, suddenly a sense of enlightened, the teacher put him from the angle of the equation and the matrix, and have a different unde
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